BIOA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Red Blood Cell, External Carotid Artery, Intracellular Ph
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BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Breathing is generated in respiratory control centres in the brainstem (medulla and spinal cord). A basic respiratory rhythm is generated in the brainstem. It is then modified from feedback from other central sites and peripheral control systems to produce the final pattern of motor output that then drives the respiratory muscles. In mammals, this motor output travels via the phrenic nerve to the major respiratory muscle, the diaphragm. The diagram below shows the mammalian brainstem (medulla and pons) with the midbrain above and the spinal cord below. The major respiratory centres include: the pre-b tzinger complex which is the site of respiratory rhythm generation, the pontine respiratory group (prg) which terminates inspiration, the dorsal respiratory group (drg) which is anatomically equivalent to the nucleus tractus. This is the site of first cns synapse for a number of peripheral control system inputs: the ventral respiratory group (vrg) which contains inspiratory neurons which are active during inspiration.
