ENV100Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Metamorphic Rock, Sedimentary Rock, Atmospheric Chemistry
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ENV100Y5 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Rock cycle: heating, melting, cooling, breaking of rocks and minerals, dominated by surface processes (driven both internally and externally) Tectonic cycle: processes related to the movement of large fragments of lithosphere, dominated by internal processes (but also influenced by surface processes) Drive formation of mineral resources and fossil fuels. Determine location, size and shape of ocean basins. Ultimately influence the distribution of vegetation and ecosystems. Magma = molten (liquid) rock + gases + crystals. Lava = magma that reaches the surface. Ingenuous rock = forms when magma cools: intrusive(plutonic) rock, magma cools and crystalizes slowly below earth"s surface, extrusive(volcanic) rock, magma is ejected from a volcano, cools and solidifies quickly at surface. Weathered by wind, water, freezing, thawing, chemical dissolution. Sediment = particles of rock, transported by wind, water, ice or gravity. Sedimentary rock forms in the near-surface or surface environment. Lithification = formation of rock through the processes of compaction and cementation. Fossils = preserved remains of long-dead organisms.
