ANT201H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Sahelanthropus, Ardi, Temporal Muscle
Document Summary
Species = group of organisms that can produce fertile offspring. Biological species = group of individuals that can breed together. Modern individuals and those known through dna or adna. Morphological species = group of species according to morphological similarities. Humans = ~1400cc, brain = language, complexity of language. Increases in species with larger canines vs smaller. Chimps = 1:1 (resulting in the ability to climb trees) Pelvis and orientation of femur informs if species is obligate bipedal. Humans = angled in (holds weight of body, provides stability) Australopithecus (including paranthropus): 4 1 m. y. a. Skull shattered when found (leads to controversy: first hominin or not) Foramen magnum in between (compared to primates and humans) A. afarensis, a. anamensis, a, africanus, a. garhi* Dentition is different between the two groups. Body size (gracile vs robust) gracile = 1. 5m. Lots of chewing = sagittal crest (holds temporalis muscle) extends/expands. 2. 5 m. y. a (oldest evidence of tools as of now)
