ANT101H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Allele Frequency, Notochord, Macroevolution
Document Summary
Human diversity is seen as the result of microevolutionary forces small changes in allele frequencies acting on the human gene pool. Macroevolution: appearance of new species due to many generational changes in allele frequencies. Figure 5. 1 shows the kingdom animalia: all members of chordata have notochord, in vertebrata the notochord is ossified (bony), mammalia all females feed young via mammary glands, maintain internal body temperature. Structures that are superficially similar: share a similar function, built from different parts, do not pass through similar stages during embryonic development, organisms do not share a common ancestor / have evolutionary relationship. Structures possessed by 2 different organisms that arise in a similar fashion: pass through similar stages during embryonic development, organisms that share a common ancestor/ evolutionary relationship, may serve different functions. Determine ancestral vs derived (modified) homologous traits to determine lineage. Clade: a group of organisms with a common ancestor. Breaking apart homologous structures to check where they derive.
