ANT101H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Cladistics, Allele Frequency, Macroevolution
Document Summary
Vs macroevolution - appearance of new species due to many generational changes in allele frequencies. Structures those are superficially similar: share a similar function, built from different parts, do not pass through similar stages during embryonic development organisms do not share a common ancestor, homoplasy: process that leads to analogy. Structures possessed by 2 different organisms that arise in a similar fashion. Pass through similar stages during embryonic development. May serve different functions organisms that share a common ancestor. Systematics vs cladistics systematics: traditional approach, categorize organisms based on homologous traits cladistics, determine ancestral versus derived (modified) homologous traits to determine lineage, clade: a group of organisms with a common ancestor. Divergent: a single ancestral species gives rise to 2 or more descendant species, physical & social barriers.
