PSY 4130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Inferiority Complex, Collective Unconscious, Psychosexual Development
5 Jun 2018
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Lecture 13: The head and what non-material stuff is in it
Phineas Gage was a railway worked who had a rod through the left side of his head, damaging his
frontal lobes and changing personality. This indicated a brain substrate for personality, not just
humours.
Phrenology: different parts of the brain are responsible for different psychological functions. Each
mental faculty is located in a specific brain area. A well developed faculty would produce a bump on
the exterior of the skill, a poorly developed faculty would yield a depression on the skull.
Educators used phrenology to work on the mental muscles of their students. Thorndkike, among
others, evaluated and failed to support phrenology, and it lost popularity in the late 1800s.
Psychoanalysis
The disciple of psychoanalysis was begun by Sigmund Freud, a Viennese psychiatry whose patients
included several people with nervous disorders and unknown etiology.
As a physician, Freud would have naturally defaulted to the medical model, which treated organic
disorders medically. Because his patients did not conform to a known disease, he suspected that
psychological tensions were at least partly responsible for the symptoms he was seeing.
Freud believed that the unconscious accounted for much of the personality, and that memories stored
in the unconscious were not available to the conscious.
Freud was nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature, spoke eight languages.
Personality consisted of the Id, Ego, and Superego
The ID contains basic drives and instincts, unloading hunger, thirst, and sex. The Id operates on the
pleasure prince and seeks immediate gratification. Libido is the energy that drives most human
behaviour.
The superego is the conscience of the personality, usually proving a brake on the Id and incorporating
the behavioural code endorsed by society. The ego which operates on the reality principle is in effect
the referee that modulates the Id and the superego.
The determinist: freud was a strict determinist, he believed everything had a cause and nothing
happened by change.
His determinism heavily influenced his psychoanalytic technique.
He believed that the etiology of the nervous disorders resided in the undiagnosed tensions within the
personality of the patient, where these tensions stemmed from unresolved conflicts that may have
occurred during development
Carl Jung
Found Galtons word association test a useful means f learning the unconscious thought and processes
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Lecture 13: the head and what non-material stuff is in it. Phineas gage was a railway worked who had a rod through the left side of his head, damaging his frontal lobes and changing personality. This indicated a brain substrate for personality, not just humours. Phrenology: different parts of the brain are responsible for different psychological functions. Each mental faculty is located in a specific brain area. A well developed faculty would produce a bump on the exterior of the skill, a poorly developed faculty would yield a depression on the skull. Educators used phrenology to work on the mental muscles of their students. Thorndkike, among others, evaluated and failed to support phrenology, and it lost popularity in the late 1800s. The disciple of psychoanalysis was begun by sigmund freud, a viennese psychiatry whose patients included several people with nervous disorders and unknown etiology.
