PSY 2105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Dazed, Trait Theory, Mary Ainsworth
5 Jun 2018
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PSY2105A Dr. Isabelle Boutet
Chap 12: Emotional Development 31.05.18
Chap 12 pp 449-277
Production and Recognition of Emotions in Children
Emotions: an internal reaction or feeling, which may be positive or negative
• Affect: the outward expression of emotions through facial expressions, gestures, intonation, etc.
• Basic emotions – happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise/interest, disgust
o Study patterns of muscular activation in face to determine basic emotions
o Fear – moth retracted, brows level and drawn up and inwards, eyelids lifted
o Sadness – corners of mouth turned down, inner portion of brows raised
o Expression of basic emotions is universal, but differences in acceptable expressions of emotions
Developmental Changes in Expression of Emotions
• Newborns possess all the muscles necessary for displaying basic facial emotions
o Can imitate facial emotions in dynamic faces (simultaneous)
o smiling is a muscular/physiological twitch; differences due to individual temperament
• 2 months – most infants smile due to internal positive aspects
• 4 months – anger and laughter
• 6 months – fear
Developmental Changes in Recognition of Emotions
• use preferential looking, EG caps, facial affect test; linked with visual perceptual abilities
o success may also be attributed to ability to differentiate visual changes (lines in face), not
necessarily differentiating the emotions
• by 5-6 months – ability to discriminate basic facial emotions beyond just visual discrimination
o preference for positive emotions
• 1 yr old – soial refereig here hild use others eotios to deide ho to reat to a situatio
o 14-18 months use social referencing in eating behaviors
• linear improvement in the ability to recognize emotions from childhood to adulthood
o 10 yr olds show adult like recognition abilities
o temporary decline in teenagers
Empathy – interplay btwn expression and recognition of emotions; sharing feelings of other ppl
• 18 months – adjust behaviour in response to the emotional cues of others
• ~2 yrs – child will try to ehlp a distressed person
o reactions to distress in others can predict helping behaviors
▪ caring/concerned reaction = more effective in helping with distressed individual
▪ distress reaction = less effective in comforting those who are distressed; more at risk for
depression
o parental modelling – parent who reacts to distressed sibling allows for social learning of a child
observing; parent who reacts with distress disrupts observing hilds ailit to epathize
Factors Influencing Expression, Recognition, and Reaction to Emotions
Cultural factors – influence both expression and interpretation of emotions
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Emotions: an internal reaction or feeling, which may be positive or negative: affect: the outward expression of emotions through facial expressions, gestures, intonation, etc, basic emotions happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise/interest, disgust. Study patterns of muscular activation in face to determine basic emotions. Fear moth retracted, brows level and drawn up and inwards, eyelids lifted. Sadness corners of mouth turned down, inner portion of brows raised: expression of basic emotions is universal, but differences in acceptable expressions of emotions. Developmental changes in expression of emotions: newborns possess all the muscles necessary for displaying basic facial emotions, can imitate facial emotions in dynamic faces (simultaneous) smiling is a muscular/physiological twitch; differences due to individual temperament. 2 months most infants smile due to internal positive aspects. Empathy interplay btwn expression and recognition of emotions; sharing feelings of other ppl. 18 months adjust behaviour in response to the emotional cues of others. Factors influencing expression, recognition, and reaction to emotions.
