PSY 2105 Lecture 3: Chapter 3
28 Nov 2016
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Chromosomes: strands of the genetic material dna. Each human cell contains 23 chromosome pairs (yielding 46 total chromosomes per cell) Autosomes comprise 22 of the 23 pairs. Cells form two groups based on function. Body cells: form the structures of the body. Forming two identical cells, each equipped with 23 pairs of chromosomes. Forming four cells with each cell containing only 23 chromosomes. These cells are the gametes (ova or sperm) During conception, a sperm merges with an ovum to form a new cell containing 23 pairs of chromosomes. Mitosis refers to a process by which 2 identical cells are produced. Meiosis refers to a process in 4 cells are produced, with each containing only 23 chromosomes. Crossing over: during meiosis, the x-shaped chromosomes line up and intermix, yielding a novel genetic product. Dna: the basic genetic material, formed from pairs of base nucleotides. The bases form pairs such as adenosine-thymine or guanine-cytosine.
