NSG3323 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cardiomegaly, Ventricular Remodeling, Cardiomyopathy
Document Summary
Abnormal condition of the heart that describes impaired pumping, resulting in vasoconstriction and fluid retention (cid:523)no longer called (cid:498)congestive(cid:499) but rather (cid:498)chronic(cid:499) heart failure(cid:524) Characterized by: ventricular dysfunction, reduced exercise tolerance, diminished quality of life, and shortened life expectancy. Chronic causes of heart failure: coronary artery disease; hypertension; rheumatic heart disease; congenital heart disease; pulmonary disease; cardiomyopathy; anemia; bacterial endocarditis; and valvular disorders. Acute causes of heart failure: acute myocardial infarcts (mi); dysrrhythmias; pulmonary embolism; thyrotoxicosis; hypertensive crisis; rupture of papillary muscle; ventricular septum defect; and myocarditis. Compensatory mechanisms include: dilation, hypertrophy, sympathetic ns activation, neurohormonal response, and ventricular remodeling. Preload: volume of blood in the ventricles. Right heart: deoxygenated blood; left heart: oxygenated. Stroke volume amount of blood ejected per beat. Myocardial contractility how well the heart is pumping. Idea of volume in the right side of the heart. Left ventricle loses its ability to eject blood forward through the high-pressure aorta.
