HSS 3106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Proximal Tubule, Renal Function, Renal Corpuscle
29 Mar 2019
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Kidney structure inner medulla and outer cortex. Nephrons functional units located in renal cortex; thousands per kidney: renal corpuscle filtering unit with glomerulus and glomerular capsule, renal tubule proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule. Urine volume regulated by reabsorption of water: control by osmosis in proximal convoluted tubule and descending loop of henle, antidiuretic hormone (adh) needed to increase water permeability of tubules, absence of adh can cause diabetes insipidus. Several medications cause urine retention in the bladder anticholinergics and antispasmodics, antidepressants and antipsychotics, antihistamines, antihypertensives, beta-adrenergic blockers, opioids. Electrolytes conduct electricity (cations) or are decomposed by electricity (anions: greatest importance are sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, bicarbonate, hydrogen. Water balance water intake = water output; regulated by secretion of adh and perception of thirst: adh is secreted when plasma osmolality increases or circulating blood volume decreases and blood pressure drops. Increase plasma osmolality occurs with water deficit: water output includes respiration through the mouth.
