HSS 3106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Kidney Disease, Rodenticide, Polypharmacy
25 Feb 2017
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Infant: 29 days to walking age (typically 1 year) Toddler: 1 to 3 years of age. Drugs inactivated by low ph gastric contents should not be given orally. The physiologic processes that influence pharmacokinetics in children include: Physiologic conditions can reduce rate of blood flow to site of administration (ex. If peripheral blood circulation improves, sudden increase of circulating drugs may cause toxic drug concentrations. Some antibiotic can cause deafness because the antibodies go everywhere and some cells may be more sensitive than others. Neonates have higher total body water than adults. Protein binding of drugs and protein concentration in the serum are lower in neonates more free drug. They have an immature blood brain barrier. Protein binding is less so they have more free drug therefore they need a smaller dose. Drugs may reach their cns and may have an effect. Neonates exhibit substantially lower drug-metabolizing activities of oxidases and conjugating enzymes.
