ADM 3318 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Monetary Reform, Government Debt, Maastricht Treaty

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Trade creaion: increase the level of trade between partner naions. Approaches: bilateral integraion (cooperate usually through tarif reducions, regional integraion (same geographical proximity, global integraion (cooperate through wto) Moving from one level to the next is a mess and can create serious complicaions see russia, ukrain and crimea . borders not absolute. Start small start local (i. e health care: central europe lowers tarifs in coal and steel industries following wwii. Maastricht treaty: created the insituions necessary to facilitate further integraion. Cpi must not exceed that of higher countries by more than 1. 5% Government debt must be below 60% of gdp. General government deicit must be below 3% Trade diversion: reducions if trade with non-member countries. Loss of sovereignty for individual naions (austerity measures tells them to cut spending and increase spending) = have an efect on voters i. e france and germany. France wants to keep taxes low and allow for countries to act in their own self-interest.

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