BIOL1006 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Prokaryote
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LAB MODULE: BASIC MICROSCOPY â STUDY HELP
The information in this document is helpful in preparing for the Basic Microscopy Pre-Lab Quiz on Canvas and the Basic Microscopy quiz on Late Nite Labs.
Instructions:
⢠Go to your Late Nite Labs course site and click on the Basic Microscopy link. The lab manual content will appear on the right side of the screen.
⢠PRINT and READ all of the information found in the Basic Microscopy lab manual.
⢠Use the information to answer the following questions.
Questions
⢠Fill in the remainder of the chart.
Objective Lens | Objective Magnification | Ocular Magnification | Total Magnification |
Scanning | 4X | 10X | 40X |
Low Power | 10X | 10X | |
High Power | 40X | 10X | |
Oil Immersion | 100X | 10X |
⢠Do all organisms consist of more than one cell?
⢠What is the structural and functional unit of living things? In other words, what is considered the basic building block of LIFE?
⢠What three structures are found in the cells of ALL organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic? You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all three structures. Note: plasma membrane = cell membrane
⢠List the major differences in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? Include the location of genetic material in a eukaryotic versus prokaryotic cell.
⢠List the organelles found in a eukaryotic cell that are not found in a prokaryotic cell. You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all of these.
⢠In eukaryotic cells, genetic information is found in the form of DNA. Is this true for prokaryotic cells?
⢠Are flagella and cell walls unique to eukaryotes? Why or why not?
⢠The __________is the part of a cell that allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell and protects the cell from its environment.
⢠The__________is a substance that contains all of the dissolved and suspended ions and other molecules needed to keep the cell alive.
⢠A__________is an organelle that serves as the site of photosynthesis in a eukaryotic cell.
⢠Some organisms have cells that contain a__________that gives the cell a more structured shape and strengthens the cell by osmotic pressure.
⢠Describe dark field microscopy.
⢠Describe phase contrast microscopy.
⢠Why do scientists use dark field microscopy and phase contrast microscopy when studying prokaryotic cells?
⢠How does phase contrast microscopy help scientists visualize difficult specimens?
⢠Fill in the remainder of the chart. The organisms studied during this lab are: Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria.
Structure | Function | Organisms Studied |
Plasma Membrane | Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria | |
Cytoplasm | ||
Nucleus | Contains the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell | |
Chloroplast | Spirogyra | |
Cell wall |
Question 401 pts
Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.
True |
False |
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Question 411 pts
When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.
ionic |
kinetic |
covalent |
hydrogen |
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Question 421 pts
Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.
neutrons |
protons |
electrons |
electron shells |
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Question 431 pts
Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.
oil |
heat |
enzymes |
blood |
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Question 441 pts
Organic molecules have a core composed of .
carbon |
nitrogen |
phosphorus |
hydrogen |
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Question 451 pts
The building blocks of carbohydrates are
polypeptides |
amino acids |
nucleotides |
monosaccharides |
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Question 461 pts
Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .
active transport |
cell fate |
facilitated diffusion |
osmosis |
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Question 471 pts
Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.
phospholipids |
transmembrane channel proteins |
cell surface proteins |
carbohydrate chains |
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Question 481 pts
The simplest cells are .
prokaryotic |
animal cells |
eukaryotic |
cells of fungi |
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Question 491 pts
Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:
nucleus |
organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells |
mitochondria |
chloroplasts |
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Question 501 pts
Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.
vacuoles |
ribosomes |
golgi complex |
nucleus |
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Question 511 pts
Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.
ribosomes |
golgi bodies (golgi apparatus) |
nucleus |
mitochondria |
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Question 521 pts
Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?
Oxygen is consumed. |
A water molecule is removed from the molecules. |
A water molecule is added to the molecules |
Carbon dioxide is given off. |
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Question 531 pts
Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.
monomers |
monosaccharides |
polymers |
amino acids |
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Question 541 pts
Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?
NH2 |
R Group or functional group |
COOH |
H |
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Question 551 pts
The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.
Tertiary |
Quaternary |
Secondary |
Primary |
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Question 561 pts
How do DNA and RNA differ?
all statements are differences between DNA and RNA. |
DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded. |
They have different sugars. |
Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA. |
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Question 571 pts
Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?
phosphate |
a nitrogen containing base |
All are components of a nucleotide. |
5-carbon sugar |
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Question 581 pts
Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.
transmembrane proteins |
carbohydrate chains |
phospholipids |
cell surface proteins |
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Question 591 pts
Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.
chloroplasts and mitochondria |
golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum |
ribosomes and nucleolus |
peroxisomes and lysosomes |
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Question 601 pts
The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
rough endoplasmic reticulum |
nucleolus |
mitochondria |