BIL 118 Lecture Notes - Coronary Artery Disease, Radiography, Microorganism

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18 Jan 2013
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A disease is defined as a physical or mental disorder or malfunction with a characteristic set of signs or symptoms. Diseases may be caused by a single factor such as a pathogenic microorganism or be multifactorial and have many causes some of which may depend on lifestyle. Pathogenic microorganisms include bacteria, viruses and fungi. Each pathogen has a specific method by which it causes disease. Some such as the influenza virus damage host cells whereas others, such as vibrio cholera produce toxins which have a harmful effect on the body. The ability of the pathogen to cause disease depends on: location - what tissue is colonised, pathogenicity - how a bacterium causes disease. Infectivity - how easily a bacterium can enter the host cell. Invasiveness - how easily a bacterium or its toxin spreads within the body. Common entry points for pathogens are the gas exchange and digestive system.

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