PSYCH261 Lecture Notes - Hebbian Theory, Operant Conditioning, Echoic Memory
24 Mar 2013
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*unconditional stimulus (us) stimulus that produces a defensive or appetitive response. *unconditional response (ur) response to the us. *conditional stimulus (cs) stimulus, which when paired with the us during training, comes to elicit a learned response. *conditional response (cr) response to the presentation of the cs. *constant pairing of the cs and ucs eventually elicits the conditioned response (cr) in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus. *reinforcing stimulus stimulus that follows a particular behavior and alters its frequency. *positive reinforcement administration of desired stimulus (e. g. food) *negative reinforcement removal of aversive stimulus (e. g. pain) *punishing stimulus aversive stimulus that follows a particular behavior and thus makes the behavior become less frequent. *lesions of the basal ganglia disrupt instrumental conditioning without affecting other forms of learning. *bg important for feedback-based learning that involves integration of multiple experiences. *ventral tegmental area (vta) dopaminergic projections to the mesolimbic and mesocortical systems are important for reinforcement.
