KIN104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Carpal Bones, Phalanx Bone, Ulna

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Provide an example of an eccentric contraction during walking (be specific in your description) Specific = use the terms of the course and be comfortable with them. Degrees of freedom different ways it can move. Power vs precision grip can generate significant amount of power / manipulating the object. Basic structure (has lots of degrees of freedom) Radius and ulna - pronation and supination (and notation onto one another) Shoulder has a high degree of freedom (flexion extension, abduction, adduction, horizontal, vertical) Humans have evolved upper limb for locomotion and using/making tools. We are no longer optimized for arboreal tree dwelling. Less dependent on upper limbs (change in shoulder) Making tools - power grip and precision grip ie. force needed to break/chip stones into tools. Lots of species use tools (ie. chimps use straws to get termites out of their holes) Ability to throw objects at very high velocity (capability of shoulder to load up elastically)

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