BIOL130 Lecture 10: Biol 130 - 9 - Cell Cycle

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violetzebra580

7 Aug 2016

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL130

Professor

Chris Paul

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Document Summary

Chromosomes dna molecules that fit readily inside the nucleus and become easily apportioned after replication between two daughter cells. Compacted in a way so that it remains accessible to all enzymes that work on it and control gene expression. Chromatin - single long dna strand and proteins that fold and pack it. Except germ cells and specialized cells without dna, each contain two copies of each chromosome. Homologous chromosomes - one from mother, one from father. Highly variable in number, with most eukaryotes 1-50 pairs. Ploidy number of sets of chromosomes in a cell. Cells contain 46 chromosomes, and 2 complete haloid sets = 23 homologous chromosome pairs with the same genes in the same loci, but different alleles. Can differ between cells and animals: taken advantage of by humans in genetic crosses to increase size (fruit) Complex packaging of dna typical chromosomes 140 million nucleotides (5cm when laid out)

Related Questions

Match the term with its correct definition or explanation.

Chromatin

Homologous Chromosomes

Sister chromatids

Diploid

Interphase

S Phase

Synapsis

Crossing Over

Cell Plate

Cleavage Furrow

A. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.

B. The pairing or tight association of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I. Results in the formation of a tetrad.

C. Non-identical copies of the same chromosome. Present in all diploid cells, even before replication. These chromosomes are the same length and contain genes for the same characteristics, but may have different alleles for each gene. D.

The period of the cell cycle that includes G1, S phase, and G2. E. A structure that develops during cytokinesis in plants.

F. Condensed chromosomes.

G. An invagination that develops during cytokinesis in animal cells.

H. When an organism has two copies of every chromosome (2n).

I. Two identical copies of a chromosome. These are only present after DNA replication.

J. The phase of the cell cycle when DNA is replicated.

Which of the following statements are false about the comparison between mitosis and meiosis? Select all. that apply.

1.Two cytokinesis events occur in mitosis but only one in meiosis

2.Meiosis results in half the number of homologous chromosome pairs as the original cell whereas mitosis has the same number as the original cell

3. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells while meiosis only occurs in germ cells

4.Both haploid and diploid cells undergo mitosis and meiosis

5.Both mitosis and meiosis have one round of DNA replication in the preceding Interphase period

6. Chromosomes undergo disjunction in mitosis but not in meiosis

7.Meiosis leads to a reductive division in the number of chromosomes whereas mitosis does not

Thank you!

Which of the following statements are false about the comparison between mitosis and meiosis? Select all. that apply. Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Two cytokinesis events occur in mitosis but only one in meiosis B Meiosis results in half the number of homologous chromosome pairs as the original cell whereas mitosis has the same number as the original cell C Mitosis occurs in somatic cells while meiosis only occurs in germ cells D Both haploid and diploid cells undergo mitosis and meiosis E Both mitosis and meiosis have one round of DNA replication in the preceding Interphase period F Chromosomes undergo disjunction in mitosis but not in meiosis G Meiosis leads to a reductive division in the number of chromosomes whereas mitosis does not Unanswered

BIOL130 Lecture 10: Biol 130 - 9 - Cell Cycle

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