ANTH100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Erlitou Culture, Olmec Colossal Heads, Great Zimbabwe
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Document Summary
Farming & development = complex civilization that turns into empire. Civilization- social order includes states related by language, traditions, history, economic ties, & or shared cultural aspects. Interconnected-farmers produce food city, in return create things for farmers, socio-political + economic. City characteristics- social organization, places of specialist work, administrative centres, production, trade, religion, civic buildings cultural complexity & social org. Uruk---earliest city example, sumerian civilization, 5500 ya- large buildings, residential areas, substantial settlement, social hierarchy. Teotihuacan- mexican city, residential areas, ceremonial/political areas, built city on river, political org. 1st level-egalitarian society = no social classes; informal leadership, talent y will lead, based on merit. 2nd level-ranked = social differentiation but not social classes. 3rd level-stratified = social class, born into social class marks place in society. 4th level-state = social classes; citizenship; monopoly, keep records, control to gaining status in society. Social stratification: hierarchy based on political, economic, or social standing.
