PATH 205.3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Spina Bifida, Central Nervous System, Cranial Nerve Nucleus
Document Summary
Objectives: describe the main features of dysraphic malformations of the central nervous system (cns) and give four examples, describe the major effects of trauma on the cns. Compare and contrast epidural, subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage: describe the causes and pathologic features of stroke (thrombotic vs. hemorrhagic, describe salient features of prion diseases (mad cow disease), distinguish demyelinating from degenerative diseases. Describe the pathologic and clinical findings of multiple sclerosis and alzheimer"s disease. When the cns is compressed or when pressure goes up, the brain tends to go down the spinal canal causing herniation. Neurons neocortex, cerebellum, cranial nerve nuclei. Glial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells and microglial cells, major function is to support the neurons and oligodendrocytes produce myelin. When neurons are damaged, astrocytes increase in number (astrocytosis) Dysraphic malformations (incomplete closure of neural tube) depending on the level of the defect. Spina bifida = defect in the closure of vertebral and cerebellum arches; can be repaired by surgery.
