ARCH 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Chimor, Chavín De Huantar, Huaca Del Sol
27 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
South American Civilizations
Some Cultural Developments in Peru before the Inca Empire
See Feder Chapter 9 pages 350 - 360 for a discussion of the emergence of social
complexity in South America. Chapter 13 discusses state level civilization in South
America
Inca the most recent
Migrated around 15000 ya
Norte Chico--"little north"
Caral:
-
Example of the early development of a complex society in western South
America
Capital of a complex society that developed 4,500 years ago
○
This site has a number of large scale monuments including a massive
flat - topped pyramid called Pirámide Mayor (6 acres, 50 ft. tall)
○
Oldest city in South America
○
Signs of social stratification
○
Residential areas signs of economic division--large homes, some are
crowded smaller
○
Domesticated plants- squash beans chilli peppers…
○
Large quantities of shell fish--23 km from the coast--trade with those
from coastal populations
○
Weaving manufacturing nets--traded nets with coastal populations
○
Khipu--tied knots on string--records different things--their version of
record keepings
One knot seems dates back to 3000 BC
§
○
Chavin : Chavin set the stage for the later development of South American
civilizations
3,000 years ago, this distinctive art style dev eloped in western South
America . The religious iconography served as a unifying force.
○
Chavin de Huantar: An important Chavin civic ceremonial centre
○
Andes mountains
○
Laid cultural foundations for many Peruvial
○
Similar to Olmec--really clear held strong religious beliefs--brought
people together
○
Very distinctive artwork
○
Religious carvings, images of severed heads, jaguars--
○
-
Nazca: a pre-Inca culture developed in the coastal regions of south central Peru
dates about 1,600 years ago
○
Nazca Pottery - The Nazca are known for their polychrome pottery
○
Nazca Lines - geoglyphs created on the desert floor ****
150 m across, push away dark stones on the ground--shows the
light sand underneath--troughs are about 30 cm deep
§
○
Cahuachi, Peru - the most well - known Nazca site.
Number of platforms, buildings, over 100 mounds present in this
settlement--40 of them weren't actually pyramids (they were actual
hills but some were sculptured)--found offerings
§
○
Polychrome (multicolored)--pottery, vessels generally have mythical
images--some have fruit, fish images
○
-
Moche: a pre - Inca complex society that developed in western South America
on the Northern Peruvian coast
emerged about 2,000 years ago
○
Huaca del sol - Pyramid of the Sun--Trujillo Valley, Peru
140 million baked mud bricks--the bricks have different symbols,
so different regions could have manufactured these bricks--adobe
§
Originally 50 meters high--now 41 meters high
§
○
Lord of Sipan burial
Sacrificial victims
§
○
Known for monumental works--stepped pyramids, unique pottery styles,
fabulous burials
○
At their peak they control 6 km of Peru's coastline
○
-
Chimu:
-
a pre - Inca South American civilization that spread across more than 1,300
km of the coast of western South America.
dates 1,000 to 500 years ago
○
Capital city is called Chan Chan--flourished around AD 1000--20 km2
Rulers would live in there giant homes-- when they died those
homes would become there tombs, where they would rest once
they died and the new ruler would get a new home
§
Rulers would have to go out a create there own wealth
§
Had large scale irrigation--but cause salination in this area **read
text***
§
○
Also known as Chimor
○
Produced woven textiles--made gold, silver, bronze objects
○
5 matching questions
75 multiple choice
5 out of 7 written response (worth 4 marks each)
Examples:
Describe civilizations
Describe hominin species
Compare species
Describe methods archaeologists use to analyze/date materials
North of 60": Homeland or
Frontier?' (n.d.). Retrieved
December 1, 2017, from
https://dspace.ucalgary.ca/bit
stream/1880/44249/1/North_
of_60.pdf
New World Civilizations: South America (pg. 350-356, 458-485)
Wednesday, November 29, 2017
11:19 AM
Document Summary
Some cultural developments in peru before the inca empire. See feder chapter 9 pages 350 - 360 for a discussion of the emergence of social complexity in south america. Chapter 13 discusses state level civilization in south. Example of the early development of a complex society in western south. Capital of a complex society that developed 4,500 years ago. This site has a number of large scale monuments including a massive flat - topped pyramid called pir mide mayor (6 acres, 50 ft. tall) Residential areas signs of economic division--large homes, some are crowded smaller. Large quantities of shell fish--23 km from the coast--trade with those from coastal populations. Khipu--tied knots on string--records different things--their version of record keepings. One knot seems dates back to 3000 bc. Chavin : chavin set the stage for the later development of south american civilizations. 3,000 years ago, this distinctive art style dev eloped in western south.
