ANBI 411.3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Pair Bond, Proxemics, Animal Testing
20 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Lecture 9: Space Requirements
large area of welfare concern
space:
- Group space- territoriality
- Commercial livestock- what has changed or has it changed?
- Personal space
- Examples:
oStocking density
oFeeder space
oDrinker space
oHead space
oPersonal space
Definition of social behavior: includes “suite of interactions that occur between two or more
individual animals, usually of the same species, when they form aggregations, cooperate in
sexual or parental behavior, engage in disputes over territory and access to mates, or simply
communicate across space”
Space could be considered one of the ultimate causes of social behavior
Space Requirements:
Social relationships can lead to:
- Aggregation
- Territorial behavior
- Aggression over inhabited area
- Decrease resource availability
- Stress
- Mating
- Protection
- In many wild/feral/ domestic animals
- Depends on social group structure
Lone animals could also result from (some animals are solitary):
- Physical environment
- Chance mortality
oOne mate dead in pair bond (Canadian geese)
- Pushed from herd
- Age (young & old)
Territoriality:
- One animal or a group of animals controls and area and its resources by repelling other
animals through
oKeeps others out of a particular geographical area
oBy means of:
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Aggression (fighting)
Signaling (urinate to mark or posture) this uses lees energy
Can lead back to aggression if other animal ignores or tries to fight
- Territory
oSize varies
oDynamic, always changing in size and shape with season, density, age, ect.
oIncreases when food is less available for survival
- Why defend a territory?
oUsually reproductive fitness (mating)
oSurvival
oFood availability
- How does a group or an individual protect the territory?
oAggression
oSignaling
- AGGRESSION:
oIn dogs or wolves
In dogs, trigger factors can be territoriality, and others
Can be towards food, other dogs, people
In wolves, show aggression to other strangers or dogs within their
territory
barking, growling, or stronger aggressive acts
mainly posturing (face/hackles)
wolves are more silent
generally seen (in dogs) between 1-3 years old
unestablished when young
need to play and socialize early to learn to play with out
aggression
seen more in guard dogs?
They are trained to be aggressive
Genetic selection for this
oDomestic cats
Also exhibit territorial aggression
Sudden or explosive, with or without vocalization
Often initiated by smell
Can posture, often explosive aggression
- SIGNALLING: (energy conserving)
oCrowing of roosters
Frequency associated with comb size
Facilitated by testosterone
Dominant will crow more
oBarking
Territorial call of dogs
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Lecture 9: space requirements large area of welfare concern space: Examples: stocking density, feeder space, drinker space, head space, personal space. Space could be considered one of the ultimate causes of social behavior. Lone animals could also result from (some animals are solitary): Chance mortality: one mate dead in pair bond (canadian geese) One animal or a group of animals controls and area and its resources by repelling other animals through: keeps others out of a particular geographical area, by means of: Signaling (urinate to mark or posture) this uses lees energy. Can lead back to aggression if other animal ignores or tries to fight. Territory: size varies, dynamic, always changing in size and shape with season, density, age, ect, increases when food is less available for survival. Why defend a territory: usually reproductive fitness (mating, survival, food availability. How does a group or an individual protect the territory: aggression, signaling. In dogs, trigger factors can be territoriality, and others.
