BIOL 2410 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Hormone, Secretion, Tyrosine Kinase

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Figure 7. 2: pineal gland, liver, kidney, hypothalamus, anterior and posterior pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid glands, thymus gland, adrenal gland, testes/ovaries. Control metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, and development. Function by controlling: rates of enzymatic reactions, transport of ions or molecules across cell membranes, gene expression and protein synthesis. Secreted by a cell or a group of cells: glands derived from epithelial cells. Distant target tissue receptors: some have paracrine, autocrine function as well. One hormone may act on several target tissues/receptors: the responses may be different. Cellular mechanism of action: depends on binding to specific target cell receptors. Hormone action is stopped by degradation: extracellular or intracellular, half-life indicates length of activity. Amines: derived from amino acids: tryptophan or tyrosine. Preprohormone: large, inactive precursor, gets modified to prohormone. Prohormone: smaller, inactive, proteolytic, post translation modification to a peptide, packaged with enzymes to chop it up to active products. Peptide/protein hormones: bind surface membrane receptors, cellular responses through signal transduction system.

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