BIOL 1030 Lecture Notes - Motility, Phloem, Chlorophyll
7 May 2018
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BIOLOGY 1030 - KEVIN SCOTT and CARLA ZELMER - WINTER 2018 - Lectures 22-24!
Lecture 22: Introduction to Land Plants
Bryophytes: small plants needing to be close to water (Liverworts)!
"Vascular plants (Tracheophytes): have one phase with vascular tissue, is a water-
conducting plant. !
"Evolved from aquatic green algae, based on fossil records; cellulose cell walls, starch,
photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids), molecular systematics (DNA,
coding for pigments).!
"Charophytes are the ancestors, aquatic green algae. !
Land Plants:!
1. Haplo-diplontic life cycle (sporophyte 2n, gametophyte n)
Sporophyte: Multicellular and diploid phase, derived from zygote by mitosis!
"Life cycle function: within sporangia (diploid), sporophyte cells undergo meiosis to
become spores!
Gametophyte: Multicellular and haploid stage, derived by mitosis from a haploid ‘spore’.
Spores germinate to produce a multicellular phase, the gametophyte.
"Life cycle function: within gametangia produce gametes, these are produced by mitosis!
Egg, archegonia (female gametangia): egg cells are produced by mitosis!
Antheridia (male gametangia) : sperm are produced by mitosis!
"Production of gametes is separated by time as to avoid self-fertilization and free-water
is required for dispersal (restriction to certain areas).
2. Oogamy: differentiation into male and female gametes
•Production of a large, non-motile gamete (egg) and a small, sperm cell that is motile.
•Sperm are transported by 2 modes of transportation (primitive, Bryophytes and Ferns)
-By water: flagellated sperm
-By pollen tube: advanced, also seen in seed plants
-Production of pollen in the male gametophyte, developing into a pollen tube to fertilize
the egg.
•Syngamy (fertilization): occurs within the archegonium (within the female)
•Zygote: grows in the archegonium, female retains the zygote, zygote divides by mitosis to
develop into a multicellular organism, receives nutrients (via placenta), and protection from
parental plant.
3. Apical meristems:
-Localized regions of cell growth
-Divide to produce new tissue by mitosis:
•Vascular plants (ferns, seed plants):
-Sporophyte: RAM and SAM
-Bryophyte: Thallus, and lacks roots, stems, and leaves.
Lecture 23: The Bryophytes
6 main traits of bryophytes!
I. Life cycle has dominant gametophyte phase!
II. No xylem or phloem!
III. No roots (limited to live close to water)!
IV. No leaves!
V. No cuticle (no resistance to water loss)!
VI. Sporophyte is dependent on the female gametophyte for nutrition, this stage is short-lived!
"Polytrichum haircap moss thallus:!
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Document Summary
Biology 1030 - kevin scott and carla zelmer - winter 2018 - lectures 22-24. Bryophytes: small plants needing to be close to water (liverworts) Vascular plants (tracheophytes): have one phase with vascular tissue, is a water- Evolved from aquatic green algae, based on fossil records; cellulose cell walls, starch, Charophytes are the ancestors, aquatic green algae. conducting plant. photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids), molecular systematics (dna, coding for pigments). Land plants: haplo-diplontic life cycle (sporophyte 2n, gametophyte n) Sporophyte: multicellular and diploid phase, derived from zygote by mitosis become spores. Gametophyte: multicellular and haploid stage, derived by mitosis from a haploid spore". Spores germinate to produce a multicellular phase, the gametophyte. Egg, archegonia (female gametangia): egg cells are produced by mitosis. Antheridia (male gametangia) : sperm are produced by mitosis is required for dispersal (restriction to certain areas): oogamy: differentiation into male and female gametes. Life cycle function: within sporangia (diploid), sporophyte cells undergo meiosis to.
