PSYC 2450 Lecture Notes - Social Emotions, 18 Months, Reinforcement
Document Summary
Startle: disgust (as in response to bitter tastes, distress (in response to pain, rudimentary smile (unrelated to external events) True social smiling appears between 4-6 weeks: primary emotions. Anger, sadness, joy, surprise, fear secondary emotions in second year. Embarrassment, shame, guilt, envy, pride self-conscious emotions: gender differences in infants" emotional expressiveness: Boys display more positive and negative emotions in response to stimuli than girls. Contradictory to adults, why: girls encouraged to express emotions, boys taught to suppress emotions. Strategies for emotional control change with age (eg: coping with arousing situations): 6 months: look away, become fussy, 18 months: self-soothing, self-distraction. Toddlers: emotional outbursts become less frequent, less intense, and more conventionalized. Emotional display rules learning what emotions to show under what circumstances eg: Show happiness after opening an unwanted gift: hide laughter when it is inappropriate to laugh, recognizing emotions in others: Infants recognize positive emotions earlier than negative emotions adaptive.
