NUTR 3210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Bone Resorption, Calcitriol, Gut Flora
25 Nov 2016
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Document Summary
Calcium is a macromineral (needed in large amounts) Critical in cell signalling: neurotransmitter release, cell differentiation/proliferation (cancer, hearth rhythm (smooth and skeletal muscle contraction) Calcium deficiency and toxicity: inadequate mineralization, kidney or biliary stones from excess mineralization, constipation, abnormal hearth rhythms. Vitamin k: fat soluble vitamin, very little storage in the body. Redox reactions: oxidizing agent: causes a molecule to become oxidized, becomes reduced itself. Oxidant defense: proecss of defending oneself against damage done my oxidants, ros: damging oxidants, since they contain oxygen and readily undergo chemical reactions with other molecules, have an unpaired electron called free readical. Antioxidant molecules: oppose oxidizing action of oxidants (free radical) by acting as reducing agents (electron donors: donate an electron so the ros becomes stable, vitamin e and vitamin c are antioxidants from the diet. Types of ros: most reaction of carbs and lipids occur in the mitochondria.
