NUTR 3070 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Isomaltose, Brush Border, Amylase
22 Jan 2020
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Mouth: salivary ( -amylase breaks down -1,4-glycosidic bonds, cellulose and lactose are resistant, so are -1,6-bonds, produces only a few monosaccharides. Stomach: -amylase digestion continues until ph drops, then enzyme is deactivated, at this point, cho is small polysaccharides and maltose. Small intestine: pancreatic -amylase, works at neutral ph, -1,6 bonds lead to production of isomaltose. Take-home message people with more copies of ay1 (amylase gene) have more amylase activity in saliva. Lactose intolerance affected by: age, ethnicity, genetics. Variants in the lct gene (which codes for lactase) Where is energy produced in the cell: substrate-level phosphorylation (in mitochondria and cytoplasm, transfer of high energy phosphate bonds, oxidative phosphorylation (in mitochondria, electron transport chain. Glycolysis: glycolytic enzymes in cell cytoplasm, all life on earth preforms glycolysis, endpoint depends on available o2 in the cell, aerobic and anaerobic. In red blood cells, glycolysis is the only way to generate atp: done via substrate-level phosphorylation because no mitochondria.
