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NUTR 1010 Lecture 20: Mar 8 Lecture: Water-Soluble Vitamins

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indigopug433
9 Mar 2017
School
University of Guelph
Department
Nutrition
Course
NUTR 1010
Professor
Angela Wallace

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Document Summary

Vitamins are organic molecules our body needs in order to function (organic) Minerals are inorganic molecules (from periodic table) our body needs in order to function ( e. g. fe-iron) Don"t provide us with energy, but we need to eat them so that our body can function well. Make and maintain tissues like bones and blood. Organic molecules that we need to eat for our bodies to function well. We talk about vitamins being either water- soluble or fat-soluble. Transported into intestinal cells using facilitated diffusion or active transport. Transported in the body bound to blood proteins. Are best absorbed when eaten with fat. Are absorbed into intestinal cells via active chylomicrons. Transported in the body as lipoproteins or bound to transport proteins. Often stored in the body, could be dangerous. Fortification: process of adding nutrients to foods that generally are not found in that food.

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Related Questions

Food that we consume is composed of very complex molecules.During the digestive process these compounds are broken down intosmaller and smaller subunits in preparation for use by the body asbuilding blocks needed for the many components of the human body.The chicken and rice that were eaten by Matt and Maria containedingredients composed of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and othercomponents such as minerals, water and vitamins. ** From the pointthat the specific metabolites are absorbed from the GI tract, tracethe path of the resulting metabolites to the following locations inthe body for incorporation into the body structure: 1.Metabolitesof protein for use in the Gastrocnemius muscle for musclemaintenance. 2. Metabolites of the carbohydrates for energy tocontract the cardiac muscle cells. 3. Metabolites of fat toincorporate into the myelin sheaths of the Schwann cells of theTrigeminal nerve that innervates the Masseter muscle. 4. Water forincorporation into the synovial fluid of the hip joint. 5. Iron forincorporation into red blood cells in the bone marrow of thesternum.

(Note:1-5 are not answer choices)

Background: In this assignment, you willinvestigate the chemical composition of the foods we eat as ourbodies break down food by the digestive process.

The USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory has posted a resourcethrough which you can investigate the chemical composition offoods. Go to the USDA Lab Link at USDA Nutrient DataLaboratory: http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/

Instructions

  1. Type in a keyword, then select a food group using the drop-downarrow, then click "submit."
  2. This pulls up a menu with lots of choices.
  3. Choose one food choice, then click "submit"
  4. Next choose a portion size, then click "submit"
  5. This will bring up the nutritional informationneeded to complete the assignment.

Example:

  • Keyword: Apple
  • Select Food Group: Fruits and FruitJuice
  • Apples, raw, with skin.
  • One medium

Assignmentdetails:

A. Nutrition: Analyze the nutritionalcomponents of the food you select; and in your own words, answerthe following questions using the USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory Website as listed in the unit Web resources:

  1. What was the food and portion size you chose?
  2. Describe its composition in terms of carbohydrates, lipids, andproteins.
  3. How many calories are in your food item? (Found in the Databaseas Energy – kcal)
  4. List some of the most common vitamins and minerals in this fooditem.
  5. Are there other important nutritional components of this fooditem? If so, list these. If not, say so.

B. Water:

  1. How much of your food item is water?
  2. Provide one reason why water is important for life. Toadequately answer this question, it will be necessary to explain areason for water’s importance based upon its chemical and /orphysical properties.

C. Biological Molecule:

  1. State the most abundant category of biological molecule in yourfood: carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins.
  2. Describe the structure of this type of molecule, and itsprimary function(s). This section will not be a one sentence answer.In order to adequately “describe†an entire category ofbiological molecules, you will need to briefly review their basicmolecular structures and functions.

D. Recommendation:

After identifying the nutritional components, discuss WHY youwould or would not recommend this food item as part of a healthy,nutritious diet. Be sure to use references and guidelines such asthe Food Pyramid and Recommended Daily Allowances to support yourrecommendations.

Phototrophs need an electron source like H2S orH2O. Where do the electrons from these sources go?(Assume the organism is growing autotrophically as well astophototrophically.)

O2 and CO2

O2 only

CO2 only
Sulfate or oxygen
Inorganic various molecules, depending on cellular needs.
2. Which of the following statements about chlorophyll istrue?
It is a good electron acceptor in its oxidized form.
It is a good electron donor in its reduced form when energizedby light.
It contains magnesium.
It is a tetrapyrrole.
All of the above
3. The unifying feature of all photosynthetic organisms isa(n)
electron transfer chain.
electron donating system to generate NADPH.
ATP-generating system.
light-gathering system.
All of the above
4. Evidence suggests that banded iron formations are due to
chemical oxidation of reduced iron, Fe2+.
aerobic reduction of insoluble ferric iron, Fe(OH)3.
anaerobic oxidation of soluble ferrous iron,Fe2+.
Both a and b
Both a and c
5. In addition to their ability to harvest light in the 400 to 500nm range, carotenoids also
eject electrons from the reaction center.
function as a tetrapyrrole.
intercept toxic single-state oxygen.
transfer electrons to ubiquinone.
raise electrons to a higher energy state.
6. Ribosomal RNA and other cell features affirm that living cellsshould be divided into three groups called domains.
True
False
7. Microbes have started to evolve recently.
True
False
8. The ________ was essential for the evolution of oxygenicphotosynthesis.
evolution of cyanobacteria
development of photosystem I
ability to extract electrons from CO2
ability to extract electrons from H2O
ability to use oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor
9. What do oxygenic phototrophs use as an electron source?
Oxygen
Sulfide
Water
Organic compounds
CO2
10. Three domains of organisms have been established basedprimarily on size and other structural features of the cells.
True
False