MBG 2040 Lecture 3: MBG 2040 Ch. 12
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Question 401 pts
Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.
True |
False |
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Question 411 pts
When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.
ionic |
kinetic |
covalent |
hydrogen |
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Question 421 pts
Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.
neutrons |
protons |
electrons |
electron shells |
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Question 431 pts
Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.
oil |
heat |
enzymes |
blood |
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Question 441 pts
Organic molecules have a core composed of .
carbon |
nitrogen |
phosphorus |
hydrogen |
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Question 451 pts
The building blocks of carbohydrates are
polypeptides |
amino acids |
nucleotides |
monosaccharides |
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Question 461 pts
Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .
active transport |
cell fate |
facilitated diffusion |
osmosis |
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Question 471 pts
Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.
phospholipids |
transmembrane channel proteins |
cell surface proteins |
carbohydrate chains |
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Question 481 pts
The simplest cells are .
prokaryotic |
animal cells |
eukaryotic |
cells of fungi |
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Question 491 pts
Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:
nucleus |
organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells |
mitochondria |
chloroplasts |
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Question 501 pts
Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.
vacuoles |
ribosomes |
golgi complex |
nucleus |
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Question 511 pts
Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.
ribosomes |
golgi bodies (golgi apparatus) |
nucleus |
mitochondria |
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Question 521 pts
Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?
Oxygen is consumed. |
A water molecule is removed from the molecules. |
A water molecule is added to the molecules |
Carbon dioxide is given off. |
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Question 531 pts
Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.
monomers |
monosaccharides |
polymers |
amino acids |
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Question 541 pts
Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?
NH2 |
R Group or functional group |
COOH |
H |
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Question 551 pts
The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.
Tertiary |
Quaternary |
Secondary |
Primary |
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Question 561 pts
How do DNA and RNA differ?
all statements are differences between DNA and RNA. |
DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded. |
They have different sugars. |
Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA. |
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Question 571 pts
Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?
phosphate |
a nitrogen containing base |
All are components of a nucleotide. |
5-carbon sugar |
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Question 581 pts
Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.
transmembrane proteins |
carbohydrate chains |
phospholipids |
cell surface proteins |
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Question 591 pts
Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.
chloroplasts and mitochondria |
golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum |
ribosomes and nucleolus |
peroxisomes and lysosomes |
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Question 601 pts
The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
rough endoplasmic reticulum |
nucleolus |
mitochondria |
1. Characters that show a continuous range of variation, such as height and eye color, usually are controlled:
a. | by a single gene with two alleles that are codominant. |
b. | by many genes with an additive effect. |
c. | by epistatic interactions between two genes. |
d. | mainly by the environment, with only a small genetic component. |
2. In humans, red-green colorblindness is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. In order for a woman to be red-green colorblind, which of the following statements must be true.
a. | Her mother must be red-green colorblind. |
b. | All of her brothers must be red-green colorblind. |
c. | Her father must be red-green colorblind. |
d. | All of the above statements must be true if a woman is red-green colorblind. |
3. The x-ray crystallography data collected by Rosalind Franklin suggested to Watson and Crick that the:
a. | structure of DNA is a double helix. |
b. | two strands of the DNA molecule are joined by hydrogen bonds between the bases. |
c. | four bases within DNA pair in a specific way. |
d. | two strands of the DNA molecule are joined by covalent bonds between the bases. |
4. In the genetic code, _________ one amino acid.
a. | one nucleotide specifies |
b. | two nucleotides specify |
c. | three nucleotides specify |
d. | four nucleotides specify |
5. During Meiosis I, a homologous pair of chromosomes may not separate, resulting in daughter cells that have extra chromosomes or are missing chromosomes. This can lead to genetic disorders, including Down Syndrome. This phenomenon is called:
a. | independent assortment. |
b. | nondisjunction. |
c. | segregation. |
d. | crossing over. |
6. You are a human geneticist studying the incidence of retinitis pigmentosa in the residents of Tristan de Cunha, a group of small islands in the middle of the southern Atlantic Ocean. The allele for retinitis pigmentosa, which causes a form of blindness, is inherited as an autosomal recessive. You have determined that the frequency of this allele (r) in the population is 0.4 (40%). Using the principles of the Hardy-Weinberg rule, you would estimate the frequency of individuals who are heterozygous for this allele (Rr) in the population to be:
a. | 0.16 (16%) |
b. | 0.24 (24%) |
c. | 0.36 (36%) |
d. | 0.48 (48%) |
7. Natural selection acts at the level of the:
a. | phenotype. |
b. | gene. |
c. | population. |
d. | nucleotide. |
8. You are working with pea plants, trying to recreate the experiments that Mendel performed. You are doing a dihybrid cross with a plant that is heterozygous for both seed shape and seed color, with the genotype RrYy. Which allelic combinations would you expect to find in the gametes produced by this plant?
a. | This plant would produce only RY and ry gametes. |
b. | This plant would produce only RrYy gametes. |
c. | This plant would produce RY, Ry, rY, and ry gametes. |
d. | You cannot determine which gametes this plant can produce without knowing the genotypes of its parents. |
9. Biochemist Erwin Chargaff found that in DNA there is a special relationship between the four bases that we now call Chargaff's rule. His observation was that, in an organism's genome the:
a. | percentage of A nucleotides = the percentage of T nucleotides, and the percentage of C nucleotides = the percentage of G nucleotides. |
b. | four bases all occur in an equal frequency (25%) within each organism. |
c. | percentage of A nucleotides = the percentage of G nucleotides, and the percentage of C nucleotides = the percentage of T nucleotides. |
d. | genetic material is composed of proteins, not DNA. |
10. During DNA replication:
a. | each strand of the double helix acts as a template for the synthesis of a new strand. |
b. | the enzyme DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the strand being synthesized. |
c. | the bases A,C,G and T are required. |
d. | All of the above are true of DNA replication. |
11. During translation, amino acids are joined by peptide bonds to make polypeptides. The formation of these peptide bonds is catalyzed by:
a. | DNA. |
b. | mRNA. |
c. | tRNA. |
d. | rRNA. |
12. If an allele (R) at a gene with two alleles shows complete dominance, individuals with the genotypes ______ will have the same phenotype.
a. | RR and rr. |
b. | RR and Rr |
c. | Rr and rr |
d. | Each of the three possible genotypes will have a different phenotype. |