FOOD 2150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Short-Chain Fatty Acid, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Glycemic Load
4 Dec 2018
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Document Summary
Carbohydrates can be differentiated based on whether they have a glycemic response, defined by their ability to elevate blood glucose levels. Glycemic carbohydrates include sugars and starches, the nonglycemic carbohydrates typically are fermented in the large intestine by the gut microflora to form short chain fatty acids and other metabolites. On the epithelial cells, transporters are used to transport monosaccharides into the cytoplasm of the cell. These are then transferred to the basolaterial side and transported into circulation and insulin responds to mediate the uptake of glucose into hepatic cells and skeletal muscle. The body will release insulin, which will trigger skeletal muscle to take the sugar out of circulation and store it. When a fasted state is reached, glycogen will be metabolized to glucose which allows the blood sugar levels to rise again. The amount of insulin released correlates well with the amount of glucose entering out body. Type i diabetes is insulin dependent (insufficient insulin production)
