ENVS 2250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Tolbachik, Igneous Rock, Komatiite
18 Oct 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Properties of minerals: read chapter 3 before next lab 2017/09/24: crystal form, colour, streak, hardness, cleavage/fracture, hcl test (carbonate minerals) and other (e. g. taste, smell, magnetic properties) Case study: extrusive rock formation- tolbachik eruption, kamchatka, russia. Kamchatka- took 4 years after eruption the extrusive rock cooled on the outside but were still hot on the inside. Most rock in earths crust and mantle are solid, rocks may begin to melt locally to produce magma. Introduction of volatiles (e. g. water) and/or: addition of heat. In many cases melting is incomplete (lower temperature minerals melt down but higher temperature minerals remain solid called partial melting. Mantle plume: is an upwelling of abnormally hot rock within the earth"s mantle. As the heads of mantle plumes can partly melt when they reach shallow depths, they are thought to be the cause of volcanic centers known as hotspots and probably also to have caused flood basalts.
