CHEM 1040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Amine, Cellular Respiration, Hydrolysis
11 Oct 2018
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SBI4UC UNIT 1
Lesson 1 : Question 1
Mg 2+ has 10 electrons
Teacher Comments:
Mark: 1/1
Lesson 1 : Question 2
The carbon-14 radioisotope will not be useful for dating bones that are over a million years old, because,
with a half life of 5730 years it shows it can be used to date bones of thousands of years, and after
40,000 years less than 1% of the Carbon-14 is left in the tissue and is not useful in dating very old
material such as dating bones that are over one million years old.
Teacher Comments:
CORRECT
Mark: 2/2
Lesson 1 : Question 3
The four major types of biochemical reaction studied in this lesson are hydrolysis, condensation,
oxidation-reduction (Redox) and neutralization
a). Hydrolysis is a process by which water is used to help breakdown molecules into smaller parts.
During this reaction water is very important to carry out the process. An example is when food is
consumed, water and enzyme is required to breakdown the food into smaller parts in our body, and this
process is called hydrolysis. Here is a simple hydrolysis reaction; protein + water? Amino acid + amino
acid.
b).Condensation takes place when two molecules join together to form one molecule. During this
process water is removed, when two smaller molecules combine together to produce a larger molecule.
This kind of reaction happens in our body when building muscle tissue. A simple condensation reaction
is; amino acid + amino acid? Protein +water
c). Oxidation-Reduction (Redox): Oxidation is the process of losing electron from one or more reactant
to another while Reduction is the process of gaining electrons. Where there is an electron transfer
between two substances, there is always an oxidation and reduction that takes place, this is also known
as a “redox reaction” Example of this is the cellular respiration i.e. C6H12O6 + 6O2? 6CO2 + 6H2O +
energy, indicating that the electron transfer from glucose will give the cell high energy to do its work.
thus, glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.
d). Neutralization is the involvement of an acid and a base reaction to produce water and salt, since
water is neither acidic nor basic but neutral. This reaction is important in biochemistry because it is used
to regulate the PH of the internal environment, with the use of acid and base buffer as one of the ways
in which neutralization is carried out in organisms, this reaction can take place in our cells, intestines as
well as the stomach. Example of this,is NaOH + HCl ? NaCl + H2O Indicating sodium hydroxide and
hydrochloric acid reacting together to form salt, sodium chloride and water.
Teacher Comments:
ALL GOOD
Mark: 12/12
Lesson 1: Question 4
a. The substance(s) being oxidized is glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6)
Teacher Comments:
CORRECT
Mark: .5/0.5
b) The substance that is reduced is Oxygen (6 O 2 )
Teacher Comments:
CORRECT
Mark: .5/0.5
Lesson 2: Question 5
a)
i). The monomers for carbohydrates are the monosaccharides like glucose, fructose and galactose
ii). The functional groups are hydroxyl group and the carbonyl group.
iii). The linkage type is the Glycosidic linkage
iv). The primary function is to provide energy for the cell
Teacher Comments:
ALL CORRECT
Mark: 2/2
b)
i). The monomer for protein is the amino acids
ii). The functional groups are carboxyl group and amino group
iii). The linkage type is the peptide linkage
iv). The primary function of protein is to provide energy for the cell
Teacher Comments:
CORRECT
Mark: 2/2
c)
i). The monomers for lipids are the glycerol and the fatty acids
ii). The functional groups for lipids is hydrocarbon and carboxyl group
iii). The linkage type is the ester linkage
iv). The primary function is to provide energy for the cell as well as protecting and insulating the organs.
Teacher Comments:
ii) hydroxyl, carboxyl
Mark: 1.5/2
d)
Document Summary
40,000 years less than 1% of the carbon-14 is left in the tissue and is not useful in dating very old material such as dating bones that are over one million years old. The four major types of biochemical reaction studied in this lesson are hydrolysis, condensation, oxidation-reduction (redox) and neutralization a). Hydrolysis is a process by which water is used to help breakdown molecules into smaller parts. During this reaction water is very important to carry out the process. An example is when food is consumed, water and enzyme is required to breakdown the food into smaller parts in our body, and this process is called hydrolysis. Amino acid + amino acid. b). condensation takes place when two molecules join together to form one molecule. During this process water is removed, when two smaller molecules combine together to produce a larger molecule. This kind of reaction happens in our body when building muscle tissue.
