BIOL 4150 Lecture 11: Lecture 11

56 views3 pages

ochreherring44

17 Feb 2012

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

The more closely related, the greater the intensity of competition. Competition drives evolution through divergence of species. Overlaps of recourse needs overtime will lead to spatial separation of species. If species possess similar trade-off strengths = species interaction. Every species excels in some areas and suffers in others. No species can excel at all three of these aspects. Some introduced species cause ecological havoc but unclear why. Test: match the ancestral relatedness of the invader with those in the native community. H1: novel genera would be more successful at invading than genera with native representatives. H2: invaders more closely related (not novel) to natives should be more likely to succeed, owing to similarities based on common ancestry. Edge lengths correspond to time since divergence. Shows the evolutionary relationships among species with common ancestors. Supports novel hypothesis (h1): species more distantly related to the native community are most likely to invade.

Related Questions

Community Ecology

6. Competition between species is called ____________ competition. A. interspecific
B. exploitative
C. interference

D. fundamental E. intraspecific

7. A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community and helps to determine the types and numbers of various other species in the community is known as
A. a predator.

B. a keystone species. C. the primary species. D. the dominant species. E. the alpha species.

Evolution

1. We build trees because:
A. Organisms are related like members of a family are related.
B. Each lineage has a common ancestor that gave rise to that lineage. C. Characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring.
D. all of the above

2. Evolution basically denotes change in populations to: A. Improve reproductive success.
B. Remove defective individuals.
C. Increase the survival of the most fit individuals.

D. Discover better genes.

3. We can put species into groups based on shared: A. genes.
B. characteristics.
C. ecology.

D. environment.

4. Bats and birds share a common characteristic like having four limbs- homologies- with: A. Amphibians
B. Rodents.
C. Reptiles.

D. all of the above.

5. Which of these are mechanisms of evolution? A. Mutation
B. Migration
C. Gene flow

D. all of the above

6. Natural selection involves the following: A. Variation in traits
B. Differential reproduction
C. Hereditary

D. all of the above

Worksheet 5 â Competition

This worksheet is designed to help you:

Understand the differences between intraspecific and interspecific competition.

Determine factors that may drive competition in nature.

Answer/address all of the following questions. In all cases, we require that your work be typed and that you make computer printouts of spreadsheets, graphics, or statistical output.

Provide 2 examples of intraspecific competition and 2 examples of interspecific competition. Cite your sources (16pts). Explain which scenario has more intense competition.

2. Produce a table showing the average number of beans collected by each individual during each foraging experiment (20pts).

An example raw data table is provided below â you are required to make a summary table from this information (hint: do not include raw data, only summary values, in a summary table).

3. Produce a bar graph (or bar graphs) reporting the experiment averages with appropriate error bars for each foraging experiment (16pts).

4. Provide null and alternative hypotheses for each foraging experimentâa total of 5 sets of hypothesis. (6 pts)

(hint: the 5 hypotheses will be (1) intraspecific competition between small beaked birds (experiment A), 2) Intraspecific Competition between large beaked birds (experiment B), (3) interspecific competition for small beans (experiment C), (4) Interspecific competition for large beans (Experiment D), 5) high vs. low density intraspecific competition (average A vs. average E).

5. Perform appropriate statistical tests for each hypothesis (12pts).

(hint: you are attempting to find out if there is a significant differences between two populations â for (i) and (ii) the statistical test will be paired and for (iii) the statistical test will be unpaired)

6. Discuss the results of each statistical test, and explain why you observed these patterns (15pts).

7. Explain how competitionâboth intraspecific and interspecificâdrove the evolution of Darwinâs finches (below) to develop specialized beak shapes? What do the different species compete for, and why are differences in morphology (e.g. bill shape and size) important? (15 pts)

1)In the Arroyo Seco, the Western Toad feeds on beetles, bees, and small aquatic insects. The Bull Frog has been introduced and eats the same foods. The based on this information interaction between these two species can best be described as:

2)Introduced species such as the Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer can damage the communities they are introduced to by:

changing communities to have a uniform distribution

providing food for native species

increasing species richness

spreading new parasites and diseases

3)Species that compete for the same resources often switch to either use different resources or find ways to reduce competition. Why is this often true?

introduced (exotic species) are always going to be the best competitors

to avoid parasites

direct competition harms both species, even the superior competitor

competition only benefits one of the species

BIOL 4150 Lecture 11: Lecture 11

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOL 1108 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Intraspecific Competition, Interspecific Competition, Trophic Level

BIOLOGY 1M03 Lecture Notes - Competitive Exclusion Principle, Interspecific Competition, Intertidal Zone

BIOB50H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Limonium, Photosynthesis, Salicornia

Related Questions