SOCI 331 Lecture 1: reading 2-4
17 Dec 2020
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Nature and importance of positive philosophy (reading #2) Law of three stages: theological: seeks essential nature of beings, uses actions of supernatural forces, metaphysical: phenomena explained by referencing entities, scientific (positive): reasoning, observation used to find knowledge. Positive philosophy: all phenomena are subject to natural laws, laws must be researched as to their causes and circumstances. No distinction between organic/cultural evolution: biology: evolution/development recognized as different processes, development: unfolding of pre-existing potentials, environment can only speed/slow/inhibit process, theory of organic evolution, use inheritance: organisms gain/lose structures through use/disuse. Causes transition from homogeneity to heterogeneity through differentiation: environmental changes create needs, needs require habits, habits require changes, changed individuals mold societies. Karl marx manuscript - estranged labour (reading #4) Labour exercises power over workers act of production.
