NURS 201 Lecture Notes - Modes Of Mechanical Ventilation, Muscle Atrophy, Hypoventilation
28 Apr 2013
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Document Summary
Mechanical ventilation is the process by which the fraction of inspired oxygen (fio2) at. 21% (room air) or greater is moved into and out of the lungs by a mechanical ventilator. Indications for mechanical ventilation include (1) apnea or impending inability to breathe, (2) acute respiratory failure generally defined as ph 7. 25 with a paco2 50 mm hg, (3) severe hypoxia, and (4) respiratory muscle fatigue. However, some research has demonstrated positive outcomes with the use of negative pressure ventilation in acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory failure. Positive pressure ventilation (ppv), used primarily with acutely ill patients, pushes air into the lungs under positive pressure during inspiration. Careful attention must be given to the vt to prevent unplanned hyperventilation or hypoventilation. Mechanical ventilator settings regulate the rate, depth, and other characteristics of ventilation and are based on the patient"s status (e. g. , abgs, body weight, level of consciousness, muscle strength).
