NUTR100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Low Birth Weight, Gestational Diabetes, Birth Weight
15 Jun 2018
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Chapter 14 Pregnancy
- Heatlhy pregnancy
o One without physical or psychological pathology in mother or fetus
o Deliveyr of a healthy baby
- Fetal Development:
o Fertilization: lots of cell division, after 6 days, developing embryo implants itself
into uterine lining
o Embryonic development: 2-3-8 weeks of pregnancy
▪ Large amount of cell differentiation
o Fetal Development:9 weeks till birth
- Fetal Programming: what happens during pregnancy that determines later life for baby
o Pre-pregnancy nutrition affects pregnancy and pregnancy nutrition affect post
partum and future pregnancies
o Pregnancy nutrition affects long term maternal health
- Optimal maternal and infant health
o Mother: recommended amount of weight gain in pregnancy and weight loss
postpartum
▪ Free from complications, eg. Avoid pre-eclampsia (hypertension) and
gestational diabetes
• Effect of hypertension differs at what time it develops
• Diabetes increases the risk of birth defects
o Infant: full term, birth weight in normal range, protected from chronic diseases
- Total weight gai: depeds o other’s BMI
o Underweight should have a higher weight gain, obese should have less weight
gain
o Slower weight gain at the start of the pregnancy
o Excess weight should be lost before pregnancy
o BMI should be under 25
o Weight gained is due to mothers tissues, fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid,
- Birth weight can be associated with maternal weight gain
o Low birth weight <2500g
o High birth weight >4000g or 4500g
o Pre-term <37 weeks
o Full term 38-42 weeks
- Low birth weight babies: highest rates were Nunavut and Alberta
- Pre-term: highest rates were Alberta and Ontario at approx. 8.3%
- Nutrition before conception
o Healthy maternal weight
o Essential nutrients required to support pregnancu from the moment of
conception
▪ Protein, folate, B12, iron, zinc
▪ 50% of couples plan pregnancies
o healthy diet before conception include
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