POL 222 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Complete Control, Antireligion, Reasonable Accommodation
22 Jun 2018
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UNIT TOPICS:
Current profile of ethnocultural minorities
Difficulty of assessing ethnic orgins of Canadians
Multiple origins
Generational remoteness
Identity vs. ancestral heritage
Historical versus modern immigration patterns
Visible minorities
Predominately located in urban centres
2016 census revealed
21.9% of Canadians are foreign born
22.3% are visible minorities, plus 4.9% are Aboriginal
visible minorities = non causauscian, non indigenous people
Theoretical considerations
Immigration history in Canada
British and French = founding peoples of Canada, in recent decades,
public recognition of Aboriginals as founding people too
1880s saw the dramatic surge in immigration, followed by another in early
1900s
Immigration rates hae since flctutated due to global events and
government policy
Three main categories of immigrants: economic class, family, class and
refugee.
2011-2016: Canada saw 1,212,075 immigrants divided among these
groups
economic: 60.3
family: 26.8
refugee: 11.6
peoples fleeing from persecution and going under their
processes
current immigration patterns
Philippines: 188,805
India: 147,190
China: 129,020
Iran: 42,070
Pakistan: 41,480
Discrimination, immigration and integration
Racial and ethnic discrimination in Canada
In Early decades, much discrimination between different European
ethnic groups
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Even more profound discrimination by those of European descent
against others – deliberate immigration exclusions of Japanese, Chinese, Indians
Komagata maru- boat loads of Indians turned away in 1914
Internment in WWI and WWII of foreign-born residents
Pervaded political, legal and economic spheres
Discrimination in Canadian society led to attempts at reform
Immigration Act changed in 1960s to remove discrimination
The official policy of multiculturalism was adopted in 1971 as a result of public
awareness and political pressure
Theoretical considerations
Cultural pluralism and the politics of identity
How should ethnocultural differences be treated politically?
Assimilation: melting pot approach of treating everyone alike
Multiculturalism: equity and collective group identity
Multiculturalism and accompanying policies
Four basic objectives of multiculturalism
To assist cultural groups in retaining and fostering their identity
To assist cultural group in overcoming barrirs to full participation in
Canadian society
To promote creative exchanges among all Canadian cultural groups
To assist immigrants in acquiring at least one official language
The adoption of federal and provincial human rights commissions, anti-
discrimination legislation, and the charter of rights and freedoms (1982)
advanced multicultural policies and targeted discrimination
Numerous civic actions and socialization efforts by governments and grassroots
organizations foster multiculturalism
Canadians’ acceptance of cultural differences will be tested as NDP’s election of
Jagmeet Singh as its leader in 2017
Current issues
Multiculturalism has not been free of criticism since its inception, both from
citizens and gveronment
Current controversy in Quebec over reasonable accommodation
New ban on face coverings instituted in October 17
Immigration policy continues to be refined in the 21st century
Involvement of provinces in immigration selection
Quebec now in complete control of selection
Questions of who and how many immigrants and refugees should be allowed
Debate over whether enough funds are devoted to immigrant settlement
programs
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Document Summary
22. 3% are visible minorities, plus 4. 9% are aboriginal visible minorities = non causauscian, non indigenous people. British and french = founding peoples of canada, in recent decades, public recognition of aboriginals as founding people too. 1880s saw the dramatic surge in immigration, followed by another in early. Immigration rates hae since flctutated due to global events and government policy. Three main categories of immigrants: economic class, family, class and refugee. 2011-2016: canada saw 1,212,075 immigrants divided among these groups economic: 60. 3 family: 26. 8 refugee: 11. 6 peoples fleeing from persecution and going under their processes current immigration patterns. In early decades, much discrimination between different european ethnic groups. Even more profound discrimination by those of european descent against others deliberate immigration exclusions of japanese, chinese, indians. Komagata maru- boat loads of indians turned away in 1914. Internment in wwi and wwii of foreign-born residents. Discrimination in canadian society led to attempts at reform. Immigration act changed in 1960s to remove discrimination.
