HSCI 340 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Health Council Of Canada, Indoor Air Quality, Health System
16 May 2018
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WEEK 11: CONSTRUCTING DISABILITY AND LIVING WITH ILLNESS
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION
Definition: refers to the socially created characteristics of human life based on the idea that people actively construct reality (not
atual o ieitale; otios of health/illess ae sujetie hua eatios that shouldt e take fo gated -Hornosty, 2016
Describe how to use the theoretical concept:
CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH
• A constructionist approach reminds us that how a problem is defined affects how (or even if) society responds to the
problem, and how the experiences of individuals are influenced by the definition and response to their problem.
• “oial ostutiois poides a oute to ediies deteiisti logi i as that a oade ad eih poli
deliberations and decisions.
• We ust outiel ask ouseles, What is the definition of the problem upon which this policy is based, how was it
deeloped, ad hat ae the oseuees of adoptig this defiitio?
• Without these theoretically important questions to guide us in decision-making, we will likely make serious errors in the
implementation of future health reforms and health-related policy initiatives.
COMPARISONS
Chronic illness
Disability
People with chronic illness can become disabled
People with disabilities can be healthy
Acute conditions
Chronic conditions
Acute conditions are severe and sudden in onset.
This could describe anything from a broken bone to an
asthma attack.
- symptoms appear and change or worsen rapidly
Ex. Heart attack
A chronic condition is a long-developing syndrome.
Note a chronic condition can cause an acute condition &
acute conditions may lead to a chronic syndrome if
untreated.
-develops and worsens over an extended period of time
Ex. Atherosclerosis
CHRONIC ILLNESS
Describe and explain why its an important public health issue:
• Most significant cause of death (63%) worldwide (growing burden of disease)
• Cause premature deaths under age 60:
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o 13% in high income countries
o 29% in low middle-income countries
• Chronic diseases rise rapidly, projected to exceed communicable, maternal/perinatal, and nutritional diseases
• Proportion of Canadians dying from chronic conditions is constantly increasing
o 4 major NCDs: cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases
• Chronic disease rates increase by 14% each year
o 3 out of 5 Canadians over age of 20 have a chronic disease
o 4 out of 5 are at risk of getting a chronic disease
• Chronic diseases account for the majority of direct health care costs
• Poverty is a significant issue:
o Poverty creates conditions for chronic diseases
▪ Tobacco use/exposure
▪ Poor nutrition
▪ Low physical activity
▪ Harmful use of alcohol
▪ Poor indoor air quality
▪ Decreased access to health care
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o Chronic diseases create poverty
▪ Low productivity
▪ Increase risk of disability and premature death
▪ Increased household expenditures
• Peetio is eeoes usiess affets eeoe
HEALTH COUNCIL OF CANADA REPORT: CANADIANS WITH CHRONIC DISEASE RATE HEALTH
CARE SYSTEM
• The researchers defined a chronic illness as one of the following: high blood pressure, heart disease,
cancer, diabetes, joint pain or arthritis, chronic lung problems, such as asthma, and mental-health
problems, such as depression or anxiety.
• Compared to the national average, Canadians with a chronic illness are more likely to be older, have
below-average income, the survey found. They are also less likely to have post-secondary education or
live in an urban centre.
• Fifty-nine per cent of the people with a long-term illness have below-average income, compared to 38% in
the rest of the population.
• Of Canadians with a chronic illness, 90% said they took prescription medication, with 54% of respondents
saying they had more than four prescriptions. The rest of the population is only using prescription drugs
at a rate of 56%, according to the survey results.
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE GLOBAL MONITORING FRAMEWORK (2013)
In Canada: Four charities believe that major components of a comprehensive strategy on NCDs are:
• enhanced investment in prevention for diseases that share common risk factors, with a focus on reducing
tobacco use, increasing physical activity, reducing air pollution, improving diets and reducing alcohol
consumption;
• measures to ensure equitable access to affordable and effective drugs, medicines, devices and therapies
for the treatment and management of chronic diseases;
• increased support for family caregivers;
• increased focus on the full continuum of care, including rehabilitation and palliative care at the end of life;
• continued and sustained funding for patient-centred research.
CHRONIC CONDITIONS AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
CHALLENGES
SOLUTIONS
• Growing number of people with chronic
diseases
• Multiple co-morbidities
• Complex care needs
• Issues with access to health care
• Lifestyle concerns
• Primary prevention challenges
• Need to consider the SDoH
• Build strong collaborative teams and
networks, including inter-professional
collaboration
• Know your patient population
• Document the SDoH in patient health records
• Integrate the assessment of the impact of
poverty, housing etc. on health
• Plan strategies to address needs
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Week 11: constructin g disability and living with illness. Definition: refers to the socially created characteristics of human life based on the idea that people actively construct reality (not (cid:374)atu(cid:396)al o(cid:396) i(cid:374)e(cid:448)ita(cid:271)le(cid:895); (cid:374)otio(cid:374)s of health/ill(cid:374)ess a(cid:396)e su(cid:271)je(cid:272)ti(cid:448)e hu(cid:373)a(cid:374) (cid:272)(cid:396)eatio(cid:374)s that should(cid:374)(cid:859)t (cid:271)e take(cid:374) fo(cid:396) g(cid:396)a(cid:374)ted -hornosty, 2016. Acute conditions are severe and sudden in onset. This could describe anything from a broken bone to an. Note a chronic condition can cause an acute condition & asthma attack. acute conditions may lead to a chronic syndrome if. Symptoms appear and change or worsen rapidly untreated. Develops and worsens over an extended period of time. Describe and explain why its an important public health issue: most significant cause of death (63%) worldwide (growing burden of disease) Cause premature deaths under age 60: 13% in high income countries, 29% in low middle-income countries. Chronic diseases rise rapidly, projected to exceed communicable, maternal/perinatal, and nutritional diseases.
