HSCI 324 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Human Genome Organisation, Human Genome, Homologous Chromosome
2 Feb 2021
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Document Summary
Each human chromosome is a single linear dna molecule with a string of nucleotides that spell out genes and other information. The total dna in all the chromosomes of an organism is its genome and a complete genome is nearly always found in every cell. Sex chromosomes: the 1 pair that contains the genes that establish gender or sexual dimorphism. Xy is male note only males can transmit y chromosome! Somatic cells (body cells) have 46 (2n) = diploid: germ cells (sex cells or gametes) have only 23 (n) = haploid, paternal gamete = sperm, maternal gamete= ovum. Sperm do not contribute mitochondria: only females can transmit their mtdna! A locatable, contiguous, genomic sequence corresponding to a unit of inheritance associated with regulatory regions, transcribed regions and/or other functional sequence regions. The human genome: nuclear dna and mitochondrial dna. Human mitochondrial dna contains 37 different genes that are linked and inherited as a single unit.
