BPK 241 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Superior Vena Cava, Azygos Vein, Rib Fracture
23 Nov 2017
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Document Summary
Boundaries: neck, diaphragm, thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum, muscles. Bones: 12 thoracic vertebrae, sternum, manubrium, body, xiphoid process, 12 pair of ribs, 1 to 7 attach to sternum by individual cartilage (costochondral, 8, 9, and 10 share one attachment, 11 and 12 do no attach to sternum. Intercostal muscles: sternocleidomastoid, accessory muscles of respiration. Contents: heart, aorta and various branches, superior vena cava and tributaries, azygous vein, trachea, esophagus (oesophagus, vagus nerves & others. Intercostals, diaphragm, others: pain on deep inspiration; dyspnea, tenderness, tx, rest, analgesics. Rib fracture: direct blow; compression (tackle, ssx, severe inspiratory pain & dyspnea, tenderness, maybe crepitus, x-ray often not helpful, tx = rest, analgesics. Costochondral sprain or dislocation: same hx, ssx, tx as strain, plus crepitus, deformity? (surgery?) Joint capsule stretches out and allows movement of the rib in the joint. Boundaries: diaphragm, pelvis, abdominal muscles, diaphragm is the top boundary, and pelvic floor is the lower one, vertebrae, lower ribs, back muscles.
