BPK 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Cholesterol, Malnutrition, Overnutrition
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question 1
What would be the best guideline to a healthy diet according to your instructor which is validated by other resources.
| 1. | Eat organic foods and primarily non-GMO foods. | |
| 2. | Eat all your meals at home. | |
| 3. | Eat a variety of foods. | |
| 4. | Eat a vegetarian diet. |
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QUESTION 2
A complete protein has all the 20 amino acids: 9 are essential for our body to consume and 11 our body makes on its own. We need 9 + 11 = complete protein to build muscle, repair cells, keep our immune system working properly, etc.
True
False
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QUESTION 3
It shouldn't be hard to reverse the GMO guidelines in this county.
True
False
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QUESTION 4
Out of a variety of foods you could eat, which one will make you feel the most full?
| Milkshake | ||
| Salad | ||
| Hamburg | ||
| Beer, wine or hard liquors |
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QUESTION 5
Which food has been identified as the food that cultures and people who have lived a very long life have always had in their diet?
| Chocolate | ||
| Vegetables | ||
| Whole grains | ||
| Beans |
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QUESTION 6
When we eat animal products: fish, turkey, chicken, duck, pork, beef, eggs, etc., these proteins when cooked give the body all the amino acids it needs to do the bodily functions that are dependent on protein.
True
False
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QUESTION 7
Trying new foods has value. Different foods gives the body more nutrition than having the same foods everyday. Your perception of food does change, thus how many times do you recommend to your family and friends to try a food they may not normally like throughout their life?
| 2-3 | ||
| 90-100 | ||
| 7-8 | ||
| 20 |
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QUESTION 8
Supplements should be taken with caution because they are unregulated by the FDA, they do not fall in the category of being food or medication.
True
False
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QUESTION 9
There is little scientific evidence that organic foods are more nutritious than conventionally grown foods.
True
False
I need help on this microbiology question:
Contrary to our favorite science fiction books and movies, the chances of us finding another planet with a civilization comparable to, or even more advanced than our own, seems highly unlikely. But, through your work as a microbiologist at NASA, you have been able to help change our views as to what forms of life we should be looking for on planets in our solar system and around neighboring stars. Instead of radio signals or errant transmissions, we have begun looking for planets that have environments similar to those capable of sustaining life as we know it here on Earth. To determine what we could find out there, you have begun studying different unique and atypical environments found here on Earth. Although the harsh conditions of hot springs or undersea sulfur vents seem incompatible with most forms of life, organisms known collectively as "extremophiles" have still managed to survive and adapt to these extreme conditions. You believe extremophiles may help you gain insight into the potential metabolic requirements, processes, and challenges of extraterrestrial life. Thus far in your search, you have identified some prokaryotic cells that have evolved to survive in the extreme conditions of sulfur vents on the sea floor. These vents are found at great depths, where the crushing pressure and lack of light and oxygen are prohibitive to many forms of life. Bacteria that are not considered extremophiles reside in most ecological niches on this planet. There are some common criteria for the environment that would sustain these bacteria. Availability of water, pH that lies between 5 and 9, temperatures that will remain steady and below boiling; these are some of the characteristics that bacteria will require in their environment if they are to succeed. But in the environment of the ocean floor vents, not only is the pH of the water very low, but also the water temperature is unusually high due to the geologic activity that fuels the vents. Organisms that are adapted to such harsh conditions have necessarily evolved enzymes able to function beyond average optima, as well as a chemosynthetic metabolism capable of using vent organic and inorganic compounds as energy sources.
Part A - Comparable Earth Environments to Be Found on Another Planet
You identify the prokaryotic cells you've found as a species of bacteria. These bacteria appear to be living off of nutrients and sulfur compounds released from the vents on the sea floor. Over time, the bacteria must have evolved extreme metabolic and enzymatic capabilities to allow them to tolerate and even benefit from the extreme depths, the lack of oxygen, the low pH of the surrounding waters, high temperatures due to volcanic releases, and the unique nutrient source of the vents.
Choose the characteristics and their impact on enzyme activity that are not correct from the following statements. (more than one may be chosen)
| Archaea are able to tolerate highly acidic pH environments and have proteins that will not denature in the low-pH environments that the bacteria are found in. |
| Archaea are able to colonize water that is at or above the boiling temperature due to high levels of disulfide bridges that maintain the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme. |
| Archaea are only able to survive exceedingly well at high temperatures due to the amount of activation energy required by their enzymes. |
| Archaea are able to grow in extremely shady or low-light conditions that allow for optimal enzyme activity. |
