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BISC 316 Lecture Notes - Evolutionary Taxonomy, Phenetics, Carl Linnaeus

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jadecoyote856
26 May 2011
School
Simon Fraser University
Department
Biological Sciences
Course
BISC 316
Professor
Tammy Mc Mullan

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Document Summary

Lecture 2 bisc 316 vertebrate biology summer 2011. Classification = grouping of organisms taxonomy = the naming and classification of species phylogeny = the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species systematics = the study of biological diversity in an evolutionary context. Why are we concerned with the classification of. Species: the basic unit; a group of naturally interbreeding populations that are genetically isolated from other groups. Rules for classification: "narrow" taxa - subsets of "broader" taxa. > each higher taxon is an assemblage of evolutionary related lower taxa. > at order level and above - shared structural features www. notesolution. com: broader taxa have fewer characteristics common to all members of the taxon. > ancestral features: broader taxa originated earlier in evolutionary time. Two significant structural features: location of the branch point. > relative time of origin of different taxa: extent of divergence between the two taxa.

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Related Questions

One of the interesting things about using the Linnaean taxonomic system for classification of organisms is how little it has changed over the years. It has expanded from 2 kingdoms to 6 and it has added the higher level of domain but very few organisms have had to be moved from one classification to another. That is because Linnaeus based his classification on physiology. Today most taxonomists classify organisms based on molecular biology. In other words, they use DNA to decide which group and organism should be put into. Since the physiology of an organism depends on its DNA, almost no organisms have been moved.
Can anyone find an example of an organism that was reclassified based on its DNA?

Suppose the phylogenetic species concept were adopted in place of the biological species concept. What would be the implications for (a) evolutionary discourse on the mechanisms of speciation; (b) studies of species diversity in ecological communities; (c) estimates of species diversity on a worldwide basis; (d) conservation practices under such legal frameworks as the U.S. Endangered Species Act?

Suppose the phylogenetic species concept were adopted in place of the biological species concept. What would be the implications for (a) evolutionary discourse on the mechanisms of speciation; (b) studies of species diversity in ecological communities; (c) estimates of species diversity on a worldwide basis; (d) conservation practices under such legal frameworks as the U.S. Endangered Species Act?