BISC 101 Lecture Notes - Plasmid, Plant Cell, Osmosis
4 May 2018
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BISC 101
CHAPTER 7- INSIDE THE CELL
KEY TERMS
Prokaryote- do not have a nucleus--- BACTERIA, ARCHAEL
• DNA- bacterial chromosomes are found in the NUCLEOID= circular
chromosomes
• Plasmid- hundreds of tiny, circular and coiled DNA pieces that
scattered throughout the bacterial cell.
• Ribosome- found floating throughout the cell interior--
with ribosomal RNA, they make proteins.
• Photosynthetic membrane- contains pigments and
enzymes that are required for photosynthesis
reaction to occur in the internal membrane of a
chloroplast- the folding of membrane is to increase
surface area for more photosynthesis reactions to occur.
• Cytoskeleton- long, thin fibers that act as a structural role inside the
cell- these are long chains of globular proteins- responsible for
cell's shape, cell division, the transportation of plasmids.
• Flagella/Cilia- the way flagella/cilia rotate allow the bacteria to swim
or move around. (Make up of microtubules)
• Cell wall –strong, fibrous layer that surrounds the outer membrane-
gives rigidity and shape. Cell wall is also for protection purposes-
like having an external skeleton= exoskeleton.
= Exoskeleton- since cytoplasm contains a lot of solutes, in most
cases, it is hypertonic relative to the outside environment,
therefore, H2O comes in a lot via osmosis = the volume of the cell
will be expanding. Therefore, the pressure is resisted by a tough
and flexible cell wall.
Eukaryote- have a nucleus -ANIMAL, PLANTS, FUNGI, PROTISTS
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