SSH 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Modus Ponens, Logical Reasoning, Modus Tollens

• School: Ryerson University
• Department: Social Sciences and Humanities
• Course: SSH 105
• Professor: Thomas Hart

Document Summary

Good arguments appeal to reason they show that it is reasonable to accept the conclusions given the premises. Persuasion is not always based on reasoning. a good persuader may appeal to emotions, prejudices, fears and sometimes may employ deliberate falsehoods. Deductive- an argument intended to provide logically conclusive support for its conclusion. Validity: a deductive argument that succeeds in providing conclusive support for its conclusion is said to be valid. Invalidity: if a deductive argument fails to provide conclusive support for its conclusion, then its called invalid. Soundness: a deductively valid argument with true premises is said to be sound. An argument can be unsound in two ways: Example false premises that still support the given conclusion. A true conclusion is not enough for soundness. Inductive arguments don"t have the certainty of deductive arguments. The process of building inductive arguments is called induction. Most of the time, science makes progress through induction.