PSY 302 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Disabilities Affecting Intellectual Abilities, Thalidomide, Phenylketonuria
Document Summary
Chapter 3 nature and nurture and brain development: genotype: inherited genetic material. Phenotype: observed expression of genetic material (genotype) (e. g. , body characteristics and behavior) Environment: everything else beyond genes: parents" genotype child"s genotype. Endophenotypes: intermediate phenotypes, including brain and nervous systems, mediating the pathways between genes and behavior. Regulator genes: genes that control activity of other genes. The impact of the environment on child"s phenotype. Norm of reaction: all the phenotypes that can theoretically result from a given genotype in relation to all the environments in which it can survive and develop. Phenylketonuria (pku): a disorder related to a defective recessive gene on chromosome 12 that prevents metabolism of amino acid phenylalanine: environment circumstances a genotype different phenotypes (cognitive disability vs. normal intelligence) Maltreatment of children antisocial vs. not antisocial: having a variant of maoa-an x-linked gene inhibits neurotransmitters associated with aggression, having the above combined with maltreatment antisocial (convicted of violent crime)
