NSE 12A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Peristalsis, Gastrointestinal Tract, Smoking Cessation
8 Feb 2016
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374 395, 1301-1324 a & b pp. Describe the physiological, psychosocial and cognitive changes associated with aging. Integumentary system: skin loses resilience and moisture, spots and lesions may be present. Head and neck: facial features may be more pronounced and visual acuity declines. Thorax and lungs: changes in musculoskeletal changes can reduce respiratory muscle strength. Osteoporosis also increases which can cause vertebral changes. Heart and vascular system: decreased contractile strength of the myocardium results in decreased cardiac output and increased blood pressure. Breasts: sag and increase risk of breast cancer. Gastrointestinal system and abdomen: increase fatty tissue around trunk. Can also cause slowing of peristalsis and alterations in secretions. Reproductive system: changes in structure can result in hormonal alterations. Urinary system: prostate gland may develop and enlarge causing urinary retention, frequent incontinence, and urinary tract infections. Musculoskeletal system: muscle fibres are reduced in size.
