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FIN 401 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Cash Flow, Option Style, Valuation Of Options

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School
Ryerson University
Department
Finance
Course
FIN 401
Professor
Thomas Barbiero

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Document Summary

Chapter 9: principles of pricing forwards, futures, and options on futures. 5. (forward/futures pricing revisited) the futures price will not be the expected spot price in september because the dominance of the long hedgers will induce a risk premium. Thus, the futures price of . 76 is biased low. Without information on the magnitude of the risk premium, it is impossible to come up with a precise estimate. The expected spot price in september, however, is no less than . 76. They will always sell for at least the lower bound, which is higher than the intrinsic value, and usually more. Call options on the futures, however, might be exercised early. If the price of the underlying instrument is extremely high, the call will begin to behave like the underlying instrument. For an option on a futures, this means that the call will behave like the futures, changing almost dollar-for-dollar with the futures price.

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Related Questions

1. Options versus Futures Describe the general differences between a call option and a futures contract.

2. Speculating with Call Options How are call options used by speculators? Describe the conditions under which their strategy would backfire. What is the maximum loss that could occur for a purchaser of a call option?

3. Speculating with Put Options How are put options used by speculators? Describe the conditions under which their strategy would backfire. What is the maximum loss that could occur for a purchaser of a put option?

4. Selling Options Under what conditions would speculators sell a call option? What is the risk to speculators who sell put options?

7. Leverage of Options How can financial institutions with stock portfolios use stock options when they expect stock prices to rise substantially but do not yet have sufficient funds to purchase more stock?

8. Hedging with Put Options Why would a finan- cial institution holding the stock of Hinton Co. consider buying a put option on that stock rather than simply selling it?

9. Call Options on Futures Describe a call option on interest rate futures. How does it differ from purchasing a futures contract?

10. Put Options on Futures Describe a put option on interest rate futures. How does it differ from selling a futures contract?

11. Hedging Interest Rate Risk Assume a savings institution has a large amount of fixed-rate mortgages and obtains most of its funds from short-term deposits. How could it use options on financial futures to hedge its exposure to interest rate movements? Would futures or options on futures be more appropriate if the institution is concerned that interest rates will decline, causing a large number of mortgage prepayments?

14. Speculating with Stock Options The price of Garner stock is $40. There is a call option on Garner stock that is at the money with a premium of $2.00. There is a put option on Garner stock that is at the money with a premium of $1.80. Why would investors consider writing this call option and this put option? Why would some investors consider buying this call option and this put option?

1. Options versus Futures Describe the general differences between a call option and a futures contract.

2. Speculating with Call Options How are call options used by speculators? Describe the conditions under which their strategy would backfire. What is the maximum loss that could occur for a purchaser of a call option?

3. Speculating with Put Options How are put options used by speculators? Describe the conditions under which their strategy would backfire. What is the maximum loss that could occur for a purchaser of a put option?

4. Selling Options Under what conditions would speculators sell a call option? What is the risk to speculators who sell put options?

7. Leverage of Options How can financial institutions with stock portfolios use stock options when they expect stock prices to rise substantially but do not yet have sufficient funds to purchase more stock?

8. Hedging with Put Options Why would a finan- cial institution holding the stock of Hinton Co. consider buying a put option on that stock rather than simply selling it?

9. Call Options on Futures Describe a call option on interest rate futures. How does it differ from purchasing a futures contract?

10. Put Options on Futures Describe a put option on interest rate futures. How does it differ from selling a futures contract?

11. Hedging Interest Rate Risk Assume a savings institution has a large amount of fixed-rate mortgages and obtains most of its funds from short-term deposits. How could it use options on financial futures to hedge its exposure to interest rate movements? Would futures or options on futures be more appropriate if the institution is concerned that interest rates will decline, causing a large number of mortgage prepayments?

14. Speculating with Stock Options The price of Garner stock is $40. There is a call option on Garner stock that is at the money with a premium of $2.00. There is a put option on Garner stock that is at the money with a premium of $1.80. Why would investors consider writing this call option and this put option? Why would some investors consider buying this call option and this put option?

4. If you __________, then you may be forced to buy the underlying stock.

  1. Buy a Call Option
  2. Buy a Put Option
  3. Sell a Call Option
  4. Sell a Put Option

5. Lower risk free rates results in __________ Put Option prices and ______ Call Option Prices.

  1. Higher, Higher
  2. Higher, Lower
  3. Lower, Lower
  4. Lower,Higher

6. Which Statement is correct?

  1. Speculators make money by setting up transactions and are the go betweens in the derivatives market.
  2. A firm should always hedge in order to reduce risk whenever they can
  3. Hedgers do not mind losing money as long as they are reducing their risk
  4. Brokers try to find mispricings in the market where they can buy at a low price and simultaneously sell at a high price without taking on any risk.

7. Which statement regarding executive stock options is correct?

  1. They are short term and usually expire after one year.
  2. They should reduce agency costs by making managers act like shareholders
  3. They are included as compensation expense on the income statement.
  4. Managers can sell the options on an exchange

8. Which of the following statements are correct?

  1. Forward contracts are standardized and trade on an exchange
  2. Profits and Losses on Futures contracts are marked to market on a daily basis.
  3. Delivery of the assets almost never occurs in the forward market
  4. Futures contracts allow you to buy or sell individual stocks for a preset price on the expiration date.

9. You need a barrel of oil next month. You could either buy the oil today and keep it for a month, wait and buy the oil next month when you need it, you could enter into a futures contract to buy oil at the current futures price $81, or you can pay $2 for a call option that gives you the right to buy oil for $80. The current spot price is $79 and the risk free rate is 2%, and carrying costs are $2. If the price ends up being $84 next month, then you should have ______________.

  1. Waited to buy the oil
  2. Entered into a futures contract
  3. Bought a call option
  4. Buy the oil today and store it for a month.

10. Which of these should cause the dollar to appreciate?

  1. A decline in foreign demand for US goods and services
  2. An increase in US demand for foreign goods and services
  3. An increase in foreign demand for US financial assets
  4. An increase in the amount of gold held by the US central bank