PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Belief Perseverance, Representativeness Heuristic, Availability Heuristic
4 Jun 2018
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PSYC 100 – Lecture 17
Thought and Language
The Organization of Knowledge
• Concepts and Categories
o A concept is the mental representation of an object, event, or idea
o Categories refer to the clusters of interrelated concepts
o Classical categorization
▪ A theory that claims that objects or events are categorized
according to a certain set of rules or a specific set of features
▪ Graded membership: the observation that some concepts appear to
make better category members than others
o Prototypes: categorization by comparison
▪ Prototypes are mental representations of an average category
member
o Networks and hierarchies
▪ Semantic network: an interconnected set of nodes (or concepts)
and the links that join them to form a category
Problem Solving, Judgment, and Decision Making
• Defining and Solving Problems
o Problem solving means accomplishing a goal when the solution or the
path to the solution is not clear
o Problem-solving strategies & techniques
▪ Algorithms: problem-solving strategies based on a series of rules
▪ Heuristics: problem-solving strategies that stem from prior
experiences and provide an educated guess as to what is the most
likely solution
o Cognitive obstacles
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PSYC 100 Full Course Notes
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