PHAR 340 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Inverse Agonist, Agonist
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QUESTION 1
A partial agonist would:
a) Have lower efficacy than a full agonist | ||
b) Would be less effective at stabilizing the active form of a receptor than a full agonist | ||
c) Would have greater intrinsic activity than an antagonist | ||
d) All of the above |
QUESTION 2
The presence of spare receptors means that a drug would:
a) Would have its potency unchanged by low levels of noncompetitive antagonists | ||
b) Still maintain its maximal efficacy at low concentrations of noncompetitive antagonists | ||
c) Achieve its maximal response without occupying all available receptors | ||
d) A and C | ||
e) B and C |
QUESTION 3
A competitive antagonist would:
a) Increase drug potency | ||
b) Decrease drug efficacy | ||
c) Decrease drug potency | ||
d) Increase drug efficacy |
QUESTION 4
pH trapping explains:
a) Why drugs will break down when exposed to acidic conditions | ||
b) Why drugs do not diffuse back and forth between the kidneys and circulation | ||
c) Why drugs are attracted to adipose tissue | ||
d) How drugs are metabolized |
QUESTION 5
An ideal drug would have:
a) High potency, high efficacy, and a large therapeutic index | ||
b) High potency, high efficacy, and a small therapeutic index | ||
c) A high ED50, high efficacy, and a large therapeutic index | ||
d) High intrinsic activity, low affinity, and a low LD50 |
QUESTION 6
Which of the following is most likely to cross the membrane of a cell?
a) A nonpolar compound | ||
b) A polar compound | ||
c) A charged compound | ||
d) A large compound |
QUESTION 7
Which is not a pharmacodynamic process?
a) Absorption | ||
b) Excretion | ||
c) Metabolism | ||
d) Digestion |
QUESTION 8
A drug with a low Vd would:
a) Be less likely to bind to plasma proteins | ||
b) Have a higher rate of clearance | ||
c) Disseminate widely through tissues | ||
d) Remain primarily within the circulation |
QUESTION 9
First-pass metabolism does not occur through which method of drug administration?
a) Intramuscular | ||
b) Intravenous | ||
c) Transdermal | ||
d) Enteral |
QUESTION 10
A drug with greater efficacy would:
a) Have a greater maximal response | ||
b) Require a lower dose to reach its maximal effect | ||
c) Be less toxic | ||
d) All of the above |
Need help with biology questions:
1. To increase the excretion of an acidic drug, what would you do to the urine?
A. | Make it more basic | |
B. | None of the above | |
C. | Make it neutral | |
D. | Make it more acidic |
2. G-Protein coupled receptors directly act on which of the following secondary messenger molecules:
A. | cAMP | |
B. | ATP | |
C. | ADP | |
D. | GTP | |
E. | None of the above or more than one of the above |
3. Drug A and Drug B both produce the same level of biological/physiological response. Drug A produces this effect with 100 mg/kg dose. Drug B produces this effect with 50 mg/kg dose. Which of the following is true?:
A. | Drug B is more efficacious than Drug A. Both drugs are equally potent. | |
B. | Drug A is more efficacious than Drug B. Both drugs are equally potent. | |
C. | Drug A and B are equally efficacious. Drug A is more potent than Drug B. | |
D. | Drug A and B are equally efficacious. Drug B is more potent than Drug A. |
4. The stomach has a ______ pH, whereas the small intestines have a _______ pH. The colon has an approximately ___________ pH.
A. | High; low; neutral | |
B. | Low; high; neutral | |
C. | Low; neutral; neutral | |
D. | None of the above |
5. Which receptor is most likely to reduce norepinephrine levels when activated?
A. | alpha 2 adrenergic | |
B. | alpha 1 adrenergic | |
C. | dopamine D1 receptors |
6. Which of the following statements are FALSE?
A. | If the Vd of a drug is between 60 and 80 L the drug has likely distributed to the total body water of a 200 kg man. | |
B. | In the enterohepatic system the activity of bacteria to remove conjugates from a drug in the gut will decrease the clearance of the drug. | |
C. | Lipid drugs are more likely to be reabsorbed by the kidney from the urine. | |
D. | A weak basic drug (pKa = 6) will be mostly ionized in urine of a pH= 3 and only the non- ionized drug will be eliminated. | |
E. | The major conjugate in Phase 2 metabolism is glucuronide. |
7. Isoproterenol (β-agonist) is a vasodilator that increases HR. What happens to systolic and diastolic pressures upon IV administration of isoproterenol?
A. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
B. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
C. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
D. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
E. | None of the above |
8. If you want to increase the blood concentration of a drug A, you can perform which of the following procedures:
A. | Inhibit Drug A metabolism with Drug B | |
B. | Enhance Drug A reabsorption from renal proximal tubule by changing ionization of Drug A with Drug B | |
C. | Allow competition of Drug B with Drug A for active renal secretion processes | |
D. | Increase the binding of Drug A to serum albumin | |
E. | All of the above |
9. Which of the following describes Phase I metabolism?
A. | Inactive products are always produced in this phase. | |
B. | Large molecules such as glucuronic acid are conjugated to drugs in this phase. | |
C. | This phase may produce active metabolites from prodrugs. | |
D. | This phase only occurs in the liver. |
10. Which of the following is NOT an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of biogenic amines?
A. | Phenylethanolamine N-methyl Transferase | |
B. | Dopamine β-hydroxylase | |
C. | Tyrosine dehydroxylase | |
D. | DOPA decarboxylase | |
E. | All of the above |
11. Why would an antibiotic at the same concentration be more active against bacteria in water than in serum or plasma? (Activity is measured in a test tube)
A. | activity of the antibiotic is increased in water. | |
B. | due to drug-protein interaction in serum | |
C. | the antibiotic is more stable in water | |
D. | all of the above | |
E. | none of the above |
12. Ion channels are targets for drugs. Which drug class targets Na+ channels?
A. | Benzodiazepines | |
B. | Beta blockers | |
C. | Local anesthetics | |
D. | Antihypertensive drugs (cardiac and smooth muscle) | |
E. | Glibenclimide (diabetic drug) |
13. _________________ not metabolized by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT).
A. | Dopamine | |
B. | Epinephrine | |
C. | Phenylephrine | |
D. | Norepinephrine | |
E. | All of the above are metabolized by COMT. |