PHAR 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Nephron, Renin, Diuretic

• School: Queen's University
• Department: Pharmacology and Toxicology
• Course: PHAR 100
• Professor: Bill Racz

Document Summary

Blood pressure the force that circulating blood exerts on the walls of the arteries. Systolic (sbp) heart in contraction; normal is 120 mm hg/ diastolic (dbp) the heart in relaxation; normal is 80 mmhg. ^volume = ^ blood pressure: peripheral resistance (pr). This increases blood volume = and therefore increases blood pressure: adh (anti diuretic hormone) is released from the pituitary gland of the hypothalamus which causes reabsorption of water in the kidneys, stimulates thirst and has some vasoconstrictive properties. Non controllable: age, male sex, family history (genetics) Usually asymptomatic but complications could include stroke, heart disease, renal damage, retinal damage. Non pharmacological measures: reduce weight, low fat, low salt, adequate ca/k/mg, reduce alcohol consumption, stop smoking , exercise, stress management. Act on the kidney to remove excess salt and water from the body. Thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide): increase salt and water excretion which decreases blood pressure. Potential side effects include hypokalaemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia (gout) k/sugar/ ca/ cholesterol/ gout.