HIST 294 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Pan-Arabism, Arab Nationalism, Gush Emunim
24 Aug 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Wednesday, March 30, 2016
Zisser: Trends in Middle East Politics
Exam Info
-Exam
•Material after midterm
•no multiple choice
•2 Sections
-6 terms choose 4
•definition, causes, consequences, 1-1.5 pages double spaced
-Essay questions, 3 choose 2
•analysis
•ex. consequences of first intifada and consequences on Oslo Agreement, how
they are related
•40% of final mark
LECTURE
-The contemporary Middle East, and especially its Arab parts has become: backward
and regressive—politically, socially, culturally and economically
•bankruptcy of regimes
-The decline of pan-Arabism and the rise of Islam; the weakening of Arab centres in
the Middle East and the subsequent return of Western hegemony
•rise in popularity of Islamist movements
•weakening of Arab centres
•strengthening of Israel and non- Arab Muslim states (Arab and Turkey)
•rise of pan-arabism
•belief that secularism of arab world and socialism is combo that will revive arab
world and lead to prosperity, lead to increasing its power
!1
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Wednesday, March 30, 2016
-will lead them to defeat Israel
-illiteracy widespread
•especially among women
•by end of WWII —> 70-80% of Pal women didn’t know how to read or write
-50-60% of Pal men also illiterate
•if gov’t involved —> open schools, provide education to poor, provide free
education, free healthcare, gov’t could seek development and economic growth in
the Arab world
-take Soviet model —> everything planned in one centre by gov’t —> key to
economic success
•alternative to Western capitalist model
-SOCIALISM, PAN ARABISM, SECULARISM
-The political implications of these developments for Israel today.
-1) A weakening of the power of Arab nationalism, which previously constituted the
leading worldview in the region, as well as its replacement by Islam, can be
discerned."
•Nakba —> 1948#
Naksa —> 1967
-two events in which more than one arab armies were defeated by more than one
state
-weakness of not only armies but whole societies
•Arab’s starting to ask questions about why they are so weak
-religion, social structure, etc?
-socialism and pan-arabism came to an end
•started to see rise of Islamist movements instead
-mainly in Egypt with Islamic Brotherhood Movement
•roots go back to late 20s
•suppressed under Nasser
!2
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Wednesday, March 30, 2016
•after 67 started to see the revival
•mid 70s Sadat thought it would counter the balance to the Nasser-ist
forces in Egypt
-started to strengthen Muslim Brotherhood —> especially in Egyptian
campuses
•allowed them mass prayer
-Sadat was not in favour of the Islamist movement —> just wanted
counterbalance
-2) There has been a marked weakening of the central Arab states in the Middle East,
while those on the periphery, such as Turkey, Iran, and Israel, have become
prominent and, to a large degree, dictate the regional agenda.
-3) The subsequent return of the West, and of absolute Western hegemony in the
Middle East. The region today is clearly under Western hegemony or, more precisely,
American hegemony.
•orientalism
-way culture is perceived by West and policy makers
•oil
•Suez Canal
-connects far east with Europe
•United States of America balance between supporting Israel and keeping good
relations with the Arab World
-United States of America leaders know nothing of the Middle East though
-rely on advisers to know about the Middle East and provide them with advice
-orientalist thing —> Middle East culture and
•if United States of America would support democratization in the ME world,
they would vote for Is
-Islamic Revolution in Iran 1979 —> chose to replace the Shah regime with
an Islamist regime
!3
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Exam: material after midterm, no multiple choice, 2 sections. 6 terms choose 4: de nition, causes, consequences, 1-1. 5 pages double spaced. Essay questions, 3 choose 2: analysis, ex. consequences of rst intifada and consequences on oslo agreement, how they are related, 40% of nal mark. The contemporary middle east, and especially its arab parts has become: backward and regressive politically, socially, culturally and economically: bankruptcy of regimes. Illiteracy widespread: especially among women, by end of wwii > 70-80% of pal women didn"t know how to read or write. 50-60% of pal men also illiterate: if gov"t involved > open schools, provide education to poor, provide free education, free healthcare, gov"t could seek development and economic growth in the arab world. Take soviet model > everything planned in one centre by gov"t > key to economic success: alternative to western capitalist model. The political implications of these developments for israel today.
